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Ethiopian National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Ten Year External Quality Assurance-Panel Test Performance Review
Mengistu Tadesse K.,
Getahun M.,
Kebede A.,
Yaregal Z.,
Meaza A.,
Dagne Z.,
Moga S.,
Addise D.,
Tesfaye E.,
Yenew B.,
Mollalign H.,
Diriba G.,
Girmachew F.,
Dimssea D.,
Marondera B.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2016
Pages:
5-8
Received:
11 September 2015
Accepted:
20 August 2016
Published:
7 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.11
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Abstract: The Objective of this review was to see the ten year EQA performance trend from 2005 till 2014 at Ethiopian national tuberculosis Reference laboratory. The finding shows that 81.3% and 11.2%of participation were ZN-AFB and of phenotypic DST respectively. The remaining participation was for LPA-PT with proportion of 4.6% and 2.3% for GeneXpert. Most of EQA-PT performance of NTRL scored above 80% and above 90% for Phenotypic DST of 1st and 2nd line Anti-TB drug. DST efficiency reveal that most tested drugs at NTRL were achieved acceptable performance and good agreement result compared to SRLN laboratory test with record data of above 90% for all 1st line and 2nd line drugs with the exception of Ethambutol. Over all TAT record were acceptable with the exception of phenotypic DST which is Critical TAT findings that ranges from 100 to 841 days from total 4 round 1ST and 2nd line DST -PT participation With the median TAT of 205 days. The most frequently committed error type were High false Negative, which accounts 3% contribution for total loss of PT score. The review finding shows there were some gaps on Critical TAT therefore a periodic review and evidence based corrective action has to be made in short time interval after feedback obtained since laboratory error will have devastating impact on clinical management of Patients and laboratory information.
Abstract: The Objective of this review was to see the ten year EQA performance trend from 2005 till 2014 at Ethiopian national tuberculosis Reference laboratory. The finding shows that 81.3% and 11.2%of participation were ZN-AFB and of phenotypic DST respectively. The remaining participation was for LPA-PT with proportion of 4.6% and 2.3% for GeneXpert. Most...
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External Quality Assessment (EQA) of Randomly Blinded Rechecking Slides on TB AFB Microscopy Laboratories: A Retrospective Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abay Sisay Misganaw,
Mulugeta Tsegaye Abebe,
Adino Desale Lulie,
Abrham Tesfaye Bika
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2016
Pages:
9-15
Received:
15 August 2016
Accepted:
25 August 2016
Published:
12 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12
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Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused mainly by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it remains a major public health problem. Globally, 9.6 Million people were ill and 1.5 million were died of Tuberculosis in 2014. In resource limited settings, tuberculosis diagnosis relies on sputum smear microscopy: with low and variable sensitivities, in adequately trained personnel, erratic reagent supplies, and poorly verified equipment. Thus there is a critical need for investment in laboratory capacity building and quality assured service. The objective of this study is to assess the performance and trend of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy external quality assessment program in Addis Ababa city Government. For this study a retrospective record review study was carried out among the participated AFB smear microscopy laboratories in Addis Ababa. The data was collected and summarized from 12 Jan. 2014 to March 20, 2015 in Addis Ababa Health research laboratory. The data entered in to EPI data V.3 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Percentage of agreement for smear positive and negative results between periphery diagnostic health facilities and the regional laboratory was 95% and 99%, respectively. They have an observed agreement (Po) of 0.9918 and an expected agreement (Pe) of 0.8290. Moreover, Calculated kappa value was 0.95 which is almost perfect agreement. The trend of discordant slides decreases as participation in Regional External Quality Assurance System (REQAS) increases. This study concludes with evidences from the result that, Quality assured laboratory is the cornerstone for effective tuberculosis control programme. Continuous participation in REQAS and drilling of laboratory personnel accordingly at regular intervals plays an important role for improving the quality of TB laboratory services.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused mainly by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it remains a major public health problem. Globally, 9.6 Million people were ill and 1.5 million were died of Tuberculosis in 2014. In resource limited settings, tuberculosis diagnosis relies on sputum smear microscopy: with low and variable sensitivi...
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Role of P53 Gene in Oncogenesis from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2016
Pages:
16-22
Received:
27 August 2016
Accepted:
5 September 2016
Published:
24 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.13
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Abstract: Objective of this study is to present the latest researches in the field of molecular medicine, in terms of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), emerged from the P53 gene deletion in human lymphoma genome. Method In recent years proved that the best technique in the investigation of malignant lymphocytes is the Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This method is used as an alternative to chromosomal banding, a conventional application in molecular medicine. Previous Results: In the literature it was registered, in previous years, on an international study, conducted on 109 cases of CLL, 79 cases (72.5%) who had more genetic abnormalities; the remaining 30 cases (27.5%) had normal results, using the technique Florescence in situ Hybridization, (FISH). The majority of patients, 67% (53.79) had a single anomaly and the remaining 33% had two or three genetic abnormalities. The band 14q32 /17p translocations in LLC genome, which appeared similar to some common, had demonstrated abnormalities involving IGH gene, located on chromosome14q32. Discussions: Identification of P53 gene mutations in regions of 17 chromosome of hematological neoplasm is important because these mutations have an impact on the clinical course of patients and requires an attitude adjustment therapeutic adequate. Restoring function to p53 can induce lymphoma, apoptosis. Recent, endogenous somatic gene therapy research is a basic of trial clinical and therapeutic trial. The DNA, is used to treat a disease arising as a result of mutations in chromosomal regions. In the past few years, this method has been included in the treatment of CLL, acute lymphocytic leukemia, [ALL], or multiple myeloma [MM]. Conclusion: The frequencies of P53 gene mutations and deletion in CLL can be categorized as individual biomarkers in proteomic and genomic profile for this type of leukemia that can be implemented in targeted patient treatment of personalized medicine.
Abstract: Objective of this study is to present the latest researches in the field of molecular medicine, in terms of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), emerged from the P53 gene deletion in human lymphoma genome. Method In recent years proved that the best technique in the investigation of malignant lymphocytes is the Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FI...
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Assessment of Anemia and Thrombopathy in Eastern Sudanese Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Bashir Abdrhman Bashir,
Mohammed Omer Gibreel
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2016
Pages:
23-28
Received:
3 September 2016
Accepted:
23 September 2016
Published:
11 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.14
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Abstract: Renal manifestations are becoming a very important health problem in the developing world. In Sudan, the new cases account for about 70-140 thousand of inhabitants per year. Leading to reduced quality of life, these manifestations have negative social and economic impact on the population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2016 to evaluate the anemia and thrombopathy in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in Port Sudan hospital for surgery and hemodialysis, Red Sea State, Sudan. The study enrolled 70 patients, of whom 56 (80%) were males and 14 (20%) were females with the mean age being 51 years along with 70 healthy apparently adult subjects as control group of whom 53 (76%) were males and 17 (24%) were females with the mean age being 31 years. Unlike the control group, 51 (72%) of patients had anemia according to WHO criteria. Severe anemia (Hemoglobin concentration less than 7 g/dl) was detected in 28.6% of patients. Severe anemia has been more frequently (21.4%) in males than in females (7.1%). Likewise, the patient group showed a statistically significant decrease in platelet count (197.700±57.367) as compared to that of the control group (221.357±65.00) (P <0.024). In contrast, mean platelet volume (MPV) in the patient group showed a statistically significant increase (11.7±1.66) as compared to that of the control group (10.43±0.98) (P < 0.006). Thrombocytopenia was seen in 14.3% of patients. To conclude, this data could indicate that anemia and thrombopathy seen among these patients are attributed to the underlying renal impairment. This study recommends that all patients with unclear cause of anemia and/or thrombopathy should be checked for renal manifestations.
Abstract: Renal manifestations are becoming a very important health problem in the developing world. In Sudan, the new cases account for about 70-140 thousand of inhabitants per year. Leading to reduced quality of life, these manifestations have negative social and economic impact on the population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2016 to e...
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