-
Influence of Climatic Factors on Aggression and Infectivity of Anopheles in the Districts the Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) in Northern Benin, West Africa
André Sominahouin,
Germain Gil Padonou,
Rodrigue Landéhou,
Albert Sourou Salako,
Hermann Sagbohan,
Idelphonse Ahogni,
Sylvain Lokonon,
Razaki Osse,
Arsène Fassinou,
Bénoît Assogba,
Fiacre Agossa,
Fortuné Dagnon,
Christophe Houssou,
Martin Akogbéto
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
1-13
Received:
28 November 2019
Accepted:
18 December 2019
Published:
6 January 2020
Abstract: Background: Climate variability influence the diversity and abundance of malaria vectors and thereby on malaria transmission dynamics. Examine its effect on Anopheles parameters involved in transmission may predict the potential malaria hotspot as a right target for its control intervention strategies. Here, we investigated the influence of meteorological parameters on the aggressiveness and infectivity of Anopheles in two health districts zones where IRS has been extended in Northern Benin. Mosquito collections were carried out using human landing catches to evaluate rates of aggression and infectivity in twelve villages. Concomitantly, meteorological data from synoptic stations of Benin and neighbouring countries were collected in 2016-2017. The spatial distribution of infective bites of An. gambiae is characterized by an intense aggression in the rural villages of the study area. Analysis of variances showed significant HBR difference according to the period but not according to the locality. However, the same analysis carried out with the infectivity rate shows no significant difference according to the period and the locality. In addition, the number of infective bites per man per month is higher in August and October, and the climatic parameters that have mainly favoured aggression are wind speed, humidity, sunshine and temperature. Indeed, the peak of wind speed is concentrated around 1.2 km / h and in September (5 km / h) whereas the aggressiveness score of Anopheles in the region is greater than 10 infective bites per man a year. Malaria transmission by Anopheles is influenced by climatic factors. The climate observed in the districts where IRS was extended in northern Benin has a real impact on Anopheles density and weakens current and future vector control strategies. This could lead to a series of modifications observed in anopheline populations just after IRS implementation ranging from a tendency to exophagy, from a decrease in the rate of blood-feeding to changes in the time, and change in aggressiveness. These phenomena most likely contribute to the sustainability of malaria transmission despite vector control measures.
Abstract: Background: Climate variability influence the diversity and abundance of malaria vectors and thereby on malaria transmission dynamics. Examine its effect on Anopheles parameters involved in transmission may predict the potential malaria hotspot as a right target for its control intervention strategies. Here, we investigated the influence of meteoro...
Show More
-
GeneXpert's Performance in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Mouhib Hanane,
Zahir Hanane,
Arsalane Lamiae,
Kamouni Youssef,
Miloudi Mouhcine,
Zouhair Said
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
14-17
Received:
13 November 2019
Accepted:
4 December 2019
Published:
7 January 2020
Abstract: The diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the isolation of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on direct examination or on the culture isolation of mycobacteria tuberculosis complex (MCT). Currently, the introduction of molecular biology, essentially the Xpert / MTB / Rif or GeneXpertR test has increased the sensitivity and speed of diagnosis. The objective of our study is the evaluation of the performance of the Xpert / MTB / Rif molecular technique in the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This is a descriptive retrospective study over a period of 22 months (June 2016 - April 2018). The study concerned all pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens sent to the laboratory of bacteriology-virology and molecular biology of the HMA Marrakech for suspicion of tuberculosis. Diagnosis was performed on all specimens by direct examination on Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears, culture on Loweinstein Jensen solid medium (LJ) and GeneXpert molecular technical. Our study included 305 patients, 69% were men and 31% women. The clinical samples included in the study consisted of different specimens with a prevalenceof sputum (n = 127). Positivity was higher for GeneXpert MTB / RIF than for Ziehl-Neelsen and culture with respectively 18% (n = 54) for GeneXpert against 13% (n = 40) for culture and 8% (n = 24) for Ziehl-Neelsen. On all positive direct examination specimens, GeneXpert was positive in 100% of cases, on negative direct examination samples, GeneXpert was positive in 5% of cases. The positivity rate of GeneXpert was 10.6% for samples with negative culture and 100% for positive culture samples. The performance of GeneXpert was variable depending on the nature of the samples: sputum (23%), biopsy (15%), pleural fluid (13%). Four cases of resistance to rifampicin have been detected. Our study shows the great contribution of GeneXpert for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis as well as its place in the determination of multidrug resistance.
Abstract: The diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the isolation of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on direct examination or on the culture isolation of mycobacteria tuberculosis complex (MCT). Currently, the introduction of molecular biology, essentially the Xpert / MTB / Rif or GeneXpertR test has increased the sensitivity and speed of diagnosis. The objective of...
Show More
-
Diagnostic Value of Serum Biomarker Human Epididymis Protein4 in Ovarian Cancers
Rimaz Elhag Gurashi,
Moawia Elsadig Hummeida,
Faisal Galal Abdelaziz
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
18-27
Received:
6 October 2019
Accepted:
27 December 2019
Published:
17 January 2020
Abstract: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting women today. In fact, ovarian cancer is responsible for more deaths than any other type of female reproductive cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, 20,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year. Since diagnosis early on is associated with improved rates of survival, an effective screening strategy that detects early stage ovarian cancer may have a significant impact on mortality from the disease. Cancer researchers are under way to develop more accurate tumor markers that can be used to identify disease in its early stages, to predict the effectiveness of treatment, or to predict the chance of cancer recurrence after treatment has ended. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is an established biomarker for ovarian cancer detection. As CA125 effectiveness in the identification of the malignancy is threatened by its low diagnostic specificity, measurements of other tumor marker, Human epididymis protein4 (He4), in the serum have been proposed for improving the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory identification of the disease. The aim of our research study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Human epididymis protein4 (He4) in ovarian cancer patients. Our study group consisted of 90 Sudanese ladies age range (16-80) years old attending Gynological Oncology clinics in Omdurman Military hospitals. Blood samples were collected and centrifugated using standardized procedure, all analyses were performed in serum samples. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) serum concentration were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (CUSABIO ELISA kits) for the quantitative invitro diagnostic measurement. the data were treated Statistically. The study results shown that epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common ovarian cancer type in Sudan followed by germ cell tumors. Serum level of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) biomarker within the reference range in the control group. In contrast, increasing serum level of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) were obtained in the ovarian cancer patients, A general agreement that a combination of multiple biomarkers may increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity over use of individual marker. The results of this study confirmed that, by combining He4 measurements with cancer antigen 125, we can improve the diagnostics performance for OC. HE4 is a relatively stable serum biomarker for ovarian cancer with a higher diagnostic prediction.
Abstract: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting women today. In fact, ovarian cancer is responsible for more deaths than any other type of female reproductive cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, 20,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year. Since diagnosis early on is associated with improved rates of survival, an...
Show More
-
Macrophagic Activation Syndrome (MAS) Revealing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Sana Aourarh,
Fatima Zahra Lazrak,
Saida Eddyb,
Adil Jahdaoui,
Sanae Sayagh,
Mustapha Ait Ameur,
Mohamed Chakour
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
28-31
Received:
26 December 2019
Accepted:
15 January 2020
Published:
10 February 2020
Abstract: Introduction: Macrophagic activation syndrome (SAM) or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is an anatomoclinical entity resulting from an inappropriate proliferation and activation of macrophagic cells. This rare but serious syndrome can be primary or secondary to certain pathologies dominated by infections and neoplasias. More rarely, it is secondary to connectivitis, in particular to systemic lupus erythematosus (LES). The aim of this work is to report the case of SAM revealing a systemic lupus erythematosus and to discuss the triggering factors. Observation: A 27-year-old patient who presents to the emergency room for arthralgia evolving for a week in a context of fever and deterioration of the general state hospitalized in the nephrology department for bicytopenia and functional renal failure. The hemogram showed anemia at 10.7 g/dL, normocytic, normochromic, aregenerative (reticulocytes at 18 G/L), hyperleukocytosis at 10.5 G/L and platelets at the lower limit of normal at 158 G/L (338 G/L in September 2006). In view of argenerative anemia, a myelogram was performed showing the presence of hemophagocytosis figures. The remainder of the biological examination revealed hyperferritinaemia at 1017 ng/mL with an increase in LDH 930 U/Let a CRP at 18.15 mg/L. The patient was transferred to the internal medicine department for etiological assessment, clinical and paraclinical examinations showed arthritis with deep ADP and pleural mass, leuconeutropenia with native DNA and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) as well as the coombs test which was positive, The diagnosis of SLE was retained in her on the criteria of the ACR.
Abstract: Introduction: Macrophagic activation syndrome (SAM) or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is an anatomoclinical entity resulting from an inappropriate proliferation and activation of macrophagic cells. This rare but serious syndrome can be primary or secondary to certain pathologies dominated by infections and neoplasias. More rarely, it is seconda...
Show More
-
Leucocyte Differential Count and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: Implication for Risk and Disease Assessment
Nafiu Amidu,
Benedict Boateng Antuamwine,
Martin Awe Akilla,
William Kwame Boakye Ansah Owiredu,
Otchere Addai-Mensah,
Peter Paul Dapare,
Eric Mishio Bawa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
32-41
Received:
8 January 2020
Accepted:
31 January 2020
Published:
14 February 2020
Abstract: PIH accounts significantly for maternal and perinatal mortality, especially in rural communities. The sudden onset of PIH and the lack of definitive case management is worrisome. The study analysed differential leucocytes count on PIH outcomes. This is a case-control study of 40 PIH (8 GH, 16 PE and 16 EC) and 60 normotensive women who visited the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Ghana. Data on socio-demographics, clinical history and laboratory evaluations on blood and placental tissues were collected and analysed. Lymphocytes count was markedly increased in PIH women, while total leucocytes, neutrophils and NLR were significantly decreased. Lymphocytes count increased with severity of PIH (p=0.0037). A correlation (r=-0.9565, p<0.0001) between lymphocyte and neutrophil counts was observed among PIH subjects. Oxidative stress was more associated with PIH compared to controls. Stillbirths was associated with PIH mothers with high leucocytes count. NLR (AUC; 0.857, p<0.0001) and lymphocytes count (AUC; 0.822, p<0.0001) were optimal for prognosis of PIH. Wide variations in NLR and lymphocytes count during pregnancy necessitates urgent attention.
Abstract: PIH accounts significantly for maternal and perinatal mortality, especially in rural communities. The sudden onset of PIH and the lack of definitive case management is worrisome. The study analysed differential leucocytes count on PIH outcomes. This is a case-control study of 40 PIH (8 GH, 16 PE and 16 EC) and 60 normotensive women who visited the ...
Show More
-
Simultaneous Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus and Influenza Virus by Double Fluorescent RT-PCR
Shasha Zhang,
Xiaoli Sun,
Wei Guo,
Jianfeng Xu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
42-46
Received:
6 March 2020
Accepted:
26 March 2020
Published:
13 April 2020
Abstract: This paper introduces a method for simultaneous detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and influenza virus A and influenza virus B (FluA/B) by dual fluorescent RT-PCR, providing some references for the current clinical first-line practice against the epidemic. More than 12000 samples of nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum and anal swabs were collected. All samples were inactivated at 60°C for 40 min before testing, so as to protect medical examine. Nucleic acid detection kits from two manufacturers of 2019-nCoV and FluA/B were selected for the detection. Carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and green fluorescent protein (VIC) labeled probes were used to achieve simultaneous detection of the four gene targets using a double fluorescent RT-PCR reaction system. According to the results of nucleic acid detection, there is no cross infection between 2019-nCoV and FluA/B. The CT value of novel coronavirus nucleic acid in anal swab greater than CT value of sputum greater than CT value of nasopharyngeal swab in the same patient. This paper introduces a method for rapid and simultaneous detection of 2019-nCoV and FluA/B by dual fluorescent RT-PCR. It was improved the detection efficiency and reduce the cost, which could be used for rapid and emergent detection of 2019-nCoV and FluA/B. Our experiment is fast and accurate, could make reference for nucleic acid detection medical diagnosis for clinical medical staff.
Abstract: This paper introduces a method for simultaneous detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and influenza virus A and influenza virus B (FluA/B) by dual fluorescent RT-PCR, providing some references for the current clinical first-line practice against the epidemic. More than 12000 samples of nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum and anal swabs were coll...
Show More
