Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque
Yang Chen,
Ping Wang,
Chongyu Xu,
Yiling Cai,
Huasong Ma
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
1-6
Received:
14 August 2016
Accepted:
14 November 2016
Published:
18 January 2017
Abstract: This study evaluated the influence of long-term simulated microgravity on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in the plasma and lung tissues of rhesus macaque (-10℃ head-down tilting). Fifteen healthy male rhesus macaques were randomly divided into groups 1 (control, n=5), groups 2 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks, n=5) and groups 3 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks and recover from 4 weeks, n=5). Oxidative stress was evaluated by critical SOD, GSH, H2O2 in plasma and SOD, GSH in lung tissues. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological structure changes of pulmonary tissues. CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, GPX4, GPX7, PRDX1, HMOX1, ALOX5 and DUOX1 mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. GSH concentration was significantly decreased, whereas H2O2 level was significantly increased in group 2 compared with group 1 and group 3. Compared to group 1, histopathological examination revealed alveolar septal thickening, and alveolar and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration in group 2 and group 3 and the pathological changes in group 3 were smaller than those in group 2. Group 2 and group 3 showed significant up-regulation of SOD3 gene compared with group 1 by real-time PCR. In a long-term simulated microgravity environment, systemic antioxidant level of GSH was reduced but an oxidative stress marker of H2O2 was increased. Meanwhile, long-term simulated microgravity caused lung injury and induced the mRNA of SOD3 expression in lung tissues. But oxidant stress is not a major factor involved in the development of lung damage under simulated microgravity. Further study still clarifies the mechanism about the lung injury under microgravity.
Abstract: This study evaluated the influence of long-term simulated microgravity on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in the plasma and lung tissues of rhesus macaque (-10℃ head-down tilting). Fifteen healthy male rhesus macaques were randomly divided into groups 1 (control, n=5), groups 2 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks, n=5) and groups 3 (head...
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Evaluating the HIV-1 Proviral DNA Detection by Use of Real Time PCR from Blood Samples and Dried Blood Spots
Athicha Mahayotha,
Watjana Changthong,
Rassame Aomsin,
Kantanakon Poiyim
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
7-12
Received:
29 January 2017
Accepted:
21 February 2017
Published:
7 March 2017
Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the HIV-1 Infection Examination by using Real time PCR method from blood samples and Dried Blood Spots (DBS) in order to evaluate the efficiency and readiness of the method. The experimental complies with the requirements of the quality testing standard ISO 15189 which includes the following: comparing the infection examination results of HIV-1 between Real time PCR method and Multiplex Nested PCR method from the blood samples collected from children during clinical routines. Comparing the infection examination results of HIV-1 using Real time PCR method from dried blood spots which already had test results from the Multiplex Nested PCR method and improve DNA extraction by dissolving blood with 5% Chelex-100 as well as DNA extraction by dissolving blood with MagNa Pure Compact kit. Comparing the test results with DNA extraction using QIAamp and test to find the lowest amount of HIV-1 DNA in DBS. This extraction is done by using an improved method which is Real time PCR. By using the Real Time PCR method provided positive Ct criteria of ≤ 37, it was discovered that 22 samples tested positive and 436 tested negative, and is in compliance with the Multiplex Nested PCR Method. DNA from 140 Dried Blood Spot Samples, which were extracted using an improved method, provided a positive Ct criteria of ≤ 37. It was discovered that only 26 out of 40 samples (75%) tested positive. As for the negative group sample, it was discovered that 100 samples (100%) were tested negative. When the deciding Ct criteria was adjusted to ≤ 40, it was discovered that all 40 samples (100%) were positive and 100 samples (100%) were negative. When comparing the examination results of these samples, which were extracted with QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, were 100% match. In addition the limit of detection of the improved method for HIV-1 DNA is ≥ 250 copies/ml. These results show that the Infection Examination HIV-1 from blood by using Real time PCR provides results that were not different from the Multiplex Nested PCR. As for the Exanimation using DBS, the criteria for deciding positive results using Real time PCR does have an effect on the speed and accuracy of the examination. Due to the fact that the samples began with different amounts, using different criteria for positive results should be considered.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the HIV-1 Infection Examination by using Real time PCR method from blood samples and Dried Blood Spots (DBS) in order to evaluate the efficiency and readiness of the method. The experimental complies with the requirements of the quality testing standard ISO 15189 which includes the following: comparing the infec...
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