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Prognostic Implications of ER, PR and HER2/Neu Protein Expression in a Cohort of Breast Carcinoma
Seneviratne Bimalka,
Seneviratne Senali,
Adikaram Lakna
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
91-96
Received:
12 October 2019
Accepted:
30 October 2019
Published:
6 November 2019
Abstract: ER, PR and HER 2/neu receptor studies are known to be prognostic and predictive biomarkers of breast carcinoma. Hence the status of ER, PR and HER 2/neu receptors are routinely assessed in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry using paraffin embedded tissue blocks. The reason for assessing the receptor status is to decide on the best treatment regime for breast cancer patients. Ki 67 which is a biomarker of cellular proliferation is also assessed to guide the oncologist by determining the proliferative capacity of the tumour. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted during January 2016 to December 2018 in three specialized surgical centres. Study sample included 92 patients with histologically confirmed breast carcinoma. ER, PR, HER2/neu receptor status and Ki 67 proliferative index were assessed to determine the prognostic implications of breast carcinoma. Mean age at presentation was 53.99 years and the most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (84.78%). In the cohort of 92 patients with breast carcinoma 73.91% were ER positive, 58.69% were PR positive, and 11.95% were HER2/neu positive. Lymph nodal involvement was seen in 31.52% of the patients. There was no statistically significant association with HER2/neu status and nodal involvement (p = 0.629). Distant metastasis was seen in 4.35% cases. The association with HER2/neu status and distant metastasis was not statistically significant (p = 0.085). ER status showed a significant negative correlation with HER2 status (rho = -0.634, p < 0.0001). PR status showed a significant negative correlation with HER2 status (rho = -0.834, p < 0.0001). Ki67 index showed a significant positive correlation with HER2 status (rho = 0.248, p = 0.017).
Abstract: ER, PR and HER 2/neu receptor studies are known to be prognostic and predictive biomarkers of breast carcinoma. Hence the status of ER, PR and HER 2/neu receptors are routinely assessed in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry using paraffin embedded tissue blocks. The reason for assessing the receptor status is to decide on the best treatment r...
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How Laboratory Information System Improves Patient Safety
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
97-100
Received:
20 October 2019
Accepted:
4 November 2019
Published:
8 November 2019
Abstract: One of the major principles in healthcare is patient safety. Any intervention in healthcare should be safe, regardless of its benefits. The implementation of laboratory information system (LIS) has a multidimensional effect on the healthcare system. LIS plays a role in medical informatics, consumer informatic and translational bioinformatics. Nevertheless, implementation of LIS impacts patient safety in many different aspects. The aim of this paper is to investigate how patient safety can be improved by laboratory information system. The author conducted this review by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and the World Wide Web (reports, blogs, news) for articles published in English on the following keywords were searched: laboratory information system, patient safety, and quality. We found that there is a broad framework of dimensions to evaluate LIS. The framework is based on two concepts: brain-to-brain loop process, and HOT-fit dimensions. The brain-to-brain loop process can be divided into five phases: 1) pre-test, 2) pre-analytic, 3) analytic, 4) post-analytic and 5) post-test phases. In each phase, LIS provides functions to facilitate performing different tasks. In the HOT-fit model, there are three broad dimensions that need to be analyzed and considered in LIS. These are: 1) Human dimension, 2) Organizational dimensions, and 3) Technology dimensions. LIS plays a critical role in patient safety in the components of this framework. We concluded that Implementation of LIS has certainly a multidimensional impact on patient safety in different aspects on informatics. This includes LIS roles in three field of health informatics: medical informatics, consumer informatics and translational bioinformatics. LIS can integrate these fields to provide safer healthcare.
Abstract: One of the major principles in healthcare is patient safety. Any intervention in healthcare should be safe, regardless of its benefits. The implementation of laboratory information system (LIS) has a multidimensional effect on the healthcare system. LIS plays a role in medical informatics, consumer informatic and translational bioinformatics. Never...
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Prevalence of Blood Groups at the Blood Transfusion Center at the Military Hospital Avicenna of Marrakech
Amaddah Radia,
Beddou Ghita,
Skali Hajar,
Yahyaoui Hicham,
Ait Ameur Mustapha,
Chakour Mohamed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
101-104
Received:
15 October 2019
Accepted:
4 November 2019
Published:
18 November 2019
Abstract: The ABO and RHD systems represent the most immunogenic systems and the most sought after in blood transfusion. The objective of this work was to present new statistics of phenotypic prevalence of ABO and RHD systems in Morocco using a new sample. Our study was a retrospective, descriptive and epidemiological one carried out at the Blood Transfusion Center at the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech on a sample of 10,000 donors collected between the year 2009 and the year 2017. The study of the expression Erythrocyte blood group antigens by the serological phenotyping technique was based on haemagglutination. Double determination was necessary to avoid the risk of grouping errors. This technique was simple and inexpensive, and today remains a gold standard for immunohematology. At the end of this study, the frequency of the antigens of the red blood cell systems ABO and RHD was as follows: ABO system: A (32.7%), B (16.33%), AB (5.26%), O (45.71%). RHD system: RHD positive (92.29%), RHD negative (7.71%). Our results were compared to other previous Moroccan and other foreign countries studies; this allowed us to locate hemotypologically the transfusion center of the Avicenne military hospital of Marrakech in the world. At the end of this study, we have concluded that our results were consistent with previous studies in Morocco. These results were identical to those found in the Mediterranean countries and showed that Morocco was in an intermediate position between the countries of Europe and those of Black Africa.
Abstract: The ABO and RHD systems represent the most immunogenic systems and the most sought after in blood transfusion. The objective of this work was to present new statistics of phenotypic prevalence of ABO and RHD systems in Morocco using a new sample. Our study was a retrospective, descriptive and epidemiological one carried out at the Blood Transfusion...
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Pre-analytical Phase in Hemostasis: The Main Anomalies and Means to Correct Them
Khayati Siham,
Mouayche Ikhlas,
Bahri Raihane,
Ait Si Ali Zineb,
Yahyaoui Hicham,
Ait Ameur Mustapha,
Chakour Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
105-110
Received:
21 August 2019
Accepted:
6 November 2019
Published:
21 November 2019
Abstract: Pre-analytical errors still represent nearly 70% of all errors occurring in the laboratory, constituting a danger, a waste of time and an additional cost to the patient. The control of the different components of the pre-analytical step is important for the validity of the hemostasis exploration tests. The purpose of our work is to identify the main anomalies of the pre-analytical phase in hemostasis and to propose the means to correct them. We conducted a prospective and descriptive study on the pre-analytical phase of hemostasis. It was in the form of a survey, identifying the main errors related to this phase. It was performed at the Hematology laboratory of the Avicenna Military Hospital of Marrakech and spread over a period of 4 weeks. Our investigation took place at the hemostasis room, which received the collection tubes from the various hospital departments and the blood drawing room (for non-hospitalized patients). The hemostasis room received 400 prescription cards and their corresponding tubes. The parameters related to the prescription file: full name and gender of the patients, were mentioned on all the cards received and they were in conformity with those marked on the corresponding tube. The age of the patients and their clinical and therapeutic informations were mentioned in 73% and 13% of the exam requests, respectively. For the pre-analytical hemostasis parameters related to the blood collection: 63% of samples were taken at the laboratory's blood drawing room, while 37% came from the various hospital departments. Time of the realization of the samples was not mentioned on the cards or on the labels of the tubes. The anticoagulant used for all samples was sodium citrate at a concentration of 3.8%. The filling of the tubes was noncompliant in 22.25%. Registration and triage of the tubes systems were manual. Centrifugation was carried out at a rotation speed of 5000 G for 5 minutes and at a temperature set at 22°C. Hemolyzed samples accounted for 3% of the tubes.
Abstract: Pre-analytical errors still represent nearly 70% of all errors occurring in the laboratory, constituting a danger, a waste of time and an additional cost to the patient. The control of the different components of the pre-analytical step is important for the validity of the hemostasis exploration tests. The purpose of our work is to identify the mai...
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The Bacteriological Profile of Otorhinolaryngological Infections
Rachidi Meriem,
Nouri Hassan,
Raji Abdelaziz,
Soraa Nabila
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
111-114
Received:
3 November 2019
Accepted:
27 November 2019
Published:
6 December 2019
Abstract: Otorhinolaryngological infections are common pathologies especially in children, their clinical manifestations are varied. Knowledge of the microbial ecology of these infections in the ENT sphere may be important for the choice of probabilistic antibiotic therapy, but also for adapting and adjusting the treatment in therapeutic failure situations and complications. This is a descriptive retrospective study between January 2017 and August 2018. Including all samples taken in the ENT field in patients hospitalized in the ORL service of Med VI University Hospital of Marrakech. Of the 115 samples, bacterial confirmation was found in 87% of cases. The bacteriological profile was dominated by Gram-positive bacteria in 52% of cases. Isolated strains were mainly represented by Streptococcus (28%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (22%). Enterobacteria accounted for 34% of isolates dominated by Klebsiella pneumoniae found in 20.5% of cases. The study of antibiotic susceptibility of isolated strains revealed a penicillin sensitivity of 98% in isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. A 75% sensitivity to amoxicillin was revealed in Enterococcus and all strains of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to meticillin. In enterobacteria, resistance to C3G was 18%, 38% to fluoroquinolones, 35% to cotrimoxazole and 29% of strains were resistant to Gentamycin. The multi-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found in 8% of cases.
Abstract: Otorhinolaryngological infections are common pathologies especially in children, their clinical manifestations are varied. Knowledge of the microbial ecology of these infections in the ENT sphere may be important for the choice of probabilistic antibiotic therapy, but also for adapting and adjusting the treatment in therapeutic failure situations a...
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes Experience of the Laboratory of the Military Hospital Avicenna Marrakech
Mouhib Hanane,
Karrati Ilham,
Hanane Zahir,
Yahyaoui Hicham,
Ait Ameur Mustapha,
Chakour Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
115-118
Received:
31 October 2019
Accepted:
23 November 2019
Published:
13 December 2019
Abstract: MDS are clonal disorders of multipotent or myeloid stem cells. The disease is characterized by inefficient hematopoiesis responsible for peripheral cytopenias and contrasting with a rich marrow. The natural course of this disease is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is a retrospective study on the files of patients who had a haematological assessment at the laboratory of the military hospital Avicenna Marrakech between July 2014 and July 2018 for a duration of 4 years. Included in our study were all patients with documented myelodysplasia. The average age of patients is 63.63 years with extremes of 19 years and 89 years; the sex ratio was 1.3 (17 men and 13 women). NFS was abnormal in all patients, 96.66% of whom had anemia. The myelogram was performed in all patients and allowed the diagnosis of MDS in 90% of cases. Our study shows that management needs to be further improved by selecting high-risk MDS patients, potentially candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Abstract: MDS are clonal disorders of multipotent or myeloid stem cells. The disease is characterized by inefficient hematopoiesis responsible for peripheral cytopenias and contrasting with a rich marrow. The natural course of this disease is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is a retrospective study on the files of patients who had a haematological assessm...
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Histopathological Patterns of Intracranial Tumours at a Tertiary Health Facility in Sokoto, North-West Nigeria
Sahabi Sadiku Malami,
Rasheed Mumini Wemimo,
Abdullahi Kabiru,
Adegboye Adeyemi Taiwo,
Mohammed Umar,
Afolayan Enoch Abiodun,
Oluogun Waheed Akanni,
Mohammad Shareef Bello,
Nasiru Jinjiri Ismail
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
119-123
Received:
18 August 2019
Accepted:
19 September 2019
Published:
17 December 2019
Abstract: Brain tumours are diverse group of primary CNS tumours and secondary neoplasm arising either from the scalp or from haematogenous spread from distant sites with few biologically aggressive tumours in both adult and paediatric age groups. Brain tumours have been classified based on their presumed cell of origin and degree of differentiation as determined by light microscopy and immunohistochemical studies with tumours distinctive tumour biology, treatment and prognosis. A retrospective study of all cases of intracranial tumours seen over a period of 10 years from January 2008 to December 2017 at Department of Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital. This is a regional neurosurgical centre situated at Sokoto North-West Nigeria receiving surgical specimens from Birnin Kebbi, Zamfara, Sokoto, and Katsina state. The age, sex, histologic diagnosis, and histologic grading system using the 2007 WHO grading system were retrieved and recorded. This study reviewed 151 patients managed with histology confirmed intracranial tumour (ICTs). Mean age was 28.17 ±17.26 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1.0. Peak age range was the third decade (21-30years) and accounted for (20.5%). Primary ICTs accounted for 95.4% of the cases and metastatic adenocarcinomas accounted for 4.6% of the diagnoses and all the cases were seen in adults. Meningioma was the most commonly diagnosed intracranial tumours (39.7%), followed by astrocytoma (23.2%), pituitary adenomas (7.3%), craniopharyngioma (11.9%) and nodular medulloblastoma accounted for 4.0%. The most common histologic subtype of meningioma was psammomatous accounted for 75.5%, followed by meningotheliomatous 18.5% and the least was transitional 1.3%. The mean age of meningioma was 32±11.9 years with age range from 3 – 58years and male to female ratio of 1.4:1 and WHO classification of meningioma are stratified into 3; 95% are in grade 1 and 5% are in grade 11. Meningioma was the most commonly diagnosed intracranial tumours (39.7%), followed by astrocytoma (23.2%), pituitary adenomas (7.3%), craniopharyngioma (11.9%) and nodular medulloblastoma accounted for 4.0%. The most common histologic subtype of meningioma was psammomatous accounted for 75.5%, followed by meningotheliomatous 18.5% and the least was transitional 1.3% with WHO classification of meningioma are stratified into 3; 95% are in grade 1 and 5% are in grade 11.
Abstract: Brain tumours are diverse group of primary CNS tumours and secondary neoplasm arising either from the scalp or from haematogenous spread from distant sites with few biologically aggressive tumours in both adult and paediatric age groups. Brain tumours have been classified based on their presumed cell of origin and degree of differentiation as deter...
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