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HIV/AIDS and Syphilis Sero-prevalence Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Center in Rwanda
Nyirahabihirwe Françoise,
Munyemana Jean Bosco,
Nikuze Bellancille,
Nsabimana Théoneste
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
83-87
Received:
30 June 2020
Accepted:
13 July 2020
Published:
5 August 2020
Abstract: Sexually transmitted infections pause a global challenge. Mostly, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis which are both transmitted sexually, infect a substantial number of people where female are at front line of exposure and high risk. Additionally, pregnant women experience more vulnerability exposing their infants to increased risk of dying from prematurity, low-birth-weight, stillbirth and congenital diseases. Therefore, continued surveillance of this co-infection is of paramount to establish the status of the diseases and increase the awareness. The current study has evaluated sero-prevalence of HIV and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care center in Rwanda. In total, 1672 pregnant women who visited antenatal care center from 1st January to 31st December 2017 were included in the study. First, retrospectively, 1320 patient’s files were reviewed and all HIV and syphilis serological status and demographic characteristics were recorded from 1st January 2017 to 30th September 2017. Second, prospectively, from 1st October to 31st December 2017, 352 participants who accepted to participate in the study, gave blood sample for HIV and syphilis testing. The data were entered in SPSS version 22 and frequencies, percentage and chi-square tests were performed. As results, HIV and syphilis sero-prevalence were 71 (4.2%) and 29 (1.7%) respectively. In addition, 20 (1.2%) had HIV/syphilis co-infection. The cohabitant women exhibited higher HIV/syphilis co- infection than other women. HIV/syphilis co-infection exhibited a statistical significant association P.value 0.000. This finding suggest continued surveillance and special intervention for pregnant women to reduce their increased risk of sexually transmitted infection. In addition, cohabitant women need special intervention to reduce their increased risk of infection.
Abstract: Sexually transmitted infections pause a global challenge. Mostly, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis which are both transmitted sexually, infect a substantial number of people where female are at front line of exposure and high risk. Additionally, pregnant women experience more vulnerability exposing their infants to increased risk of ...
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Assessment of Knowledge of Health Workers on Haemophilia at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo State, Nigeria
Osho Patrick,
Ojo Matilda,
Odunlade Olufunke,
Okunnuga Ndidi,
Gbenga-Fabusiwa Funmilayo,
Oni Oluwatosin,
Oluwole Mathew
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
88-94
Received:
24 May 2020
Accepted:
12 June 2020
Published:
5 August 2020
Abstract: "Haemophilia is a rare hereditary bleeding disorder that occurs primarily among males. Adequate knowledge of its clinical presentation and management of this disorder by health workers will improve the clinical course of patients having this disorder. The study was done to assess the knowledge of clinical presentation and management of Haemophillia among health workers at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital Complex, (UNIMEDTHC) Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional hospital based survey was done using questionnaires that were self-administered by the recruited respondents. Completed questionnaires were collated and analyzed with statistical package for Social Sciences Software (SPSS) version 25. A total of 194 health workers participated in the study with a response rate of 89.4%. The respondents comprised of 72 (37.1%) males and 122 (62.9%) females. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of Haemophilia among the respondents was good 178 (91.8%). Male predominance of the disorder was ascertained by 148 (76.3%) respondents. About half, 105 (54.1%) of respondents were aware that pain is a symptom among haemophiliacs. One hundred and seventy seven (91.2%) of the respondents knew that prolonged post circumcision bleeding is a symptom while 160 (82.5%) were aware that joints and muscles are mainly affected by bleeding in Haemophilia. One hundred and eighteen (60.8%) and 145 (74-4%) of the respondents were aware that HIV and Hepatitis B and C respectively were possible complications of treatment. The role of genetic counseling in prevention of Haemophillia was ascertained in 88-7% of the respondents. There is a fairly good knowledge of Haemophillia among the surveyed health workers. There is a need for improved knowledge about Haemophilia among health workers through continuing education to ensure prompt diagnosis and appropriate care of people with this disorder. "
Abstract: "Haemophilia is a rare hereditary bleeding disorder that occurs primarily among males. Adequate knowledge of its clinical presentation and management of this disorder by health workers will improve the clinical course of patients having this disorder. The study was done to assess the knowledge of clinical presentation and management of Haemophillia...
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Assessments of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Women of Childbirth in Samara Logia Town, Afar, North East Ethiopia
Nigusie Abebaw,
Mohammed Abdu,
Nejimu Biza,
Betel Assalfew
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
95-101
Received:
14 June 2020
Accepted:
28 June 2020
Published:
5 August 2020
Abstract: Background: Every day thousands of women die due to obstetric complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Most of the problems are preventable. The finding showed that these deaths were high in developing countries. Based on the evidence birth preparedness and complication readiness plan is a critical strategy to, reduce maternal and newborn complications and mortalities during pregnancy and childbirth. Objective: Prevalence and associated factors of birth preparedness and complication readiness among childbirth women in Samara -Logia, Ethiopia, 201. Method and Materials: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 22 to April 22/ 201 The samples were selected using a stratified sampling procedure to select the total sample size. Data were entered into Epi data version 02 and exported to SPSS Version 20 for analysis. Bi-variety and multi-variant regression were carried out to determine the associated factors and p-value < 05 has been considered significant. Result: This finding showed that from 285 respondents 75% had ever heard about birth preparedness and complication readiness. Among the total finding, 45% of the respondents were not prepared for birth and its complications. Mothers who complain of danger signs during labor (AOR =07 (034- 15) and partner accompany (AOR = 36 (27-35) were significantly associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness. Conclusion and Recommendation: this study identifies only 58% of women were knowledgeable about birth preparedness and complication redness. Variables having a statistically significant with birth preparedness and complication readiness were the presence of danger signs during labor and partner involvement during pregnancy. Therefore, there should be increased education, promotion of ANC, and counseling of mothers by health workers to improve their knowledge of danger signs and ANC follow up.
Abstract: Background: Every day thousands of women die due to obstetric complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Most of the problems are preventable. The finding showed that these deaths were high in developing countries. Based on the evidence birth preparedness and complication readiness plan is a critical strategy to, reduce maternal and newborn com...
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Associated Factors with Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Type II Diabetic Patients in Ambo University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
102-112
Received:
20 June 2020
Accepted:
24 July 2020
Published:
10 August 2020
Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic illness significantly affecting health of population throughout the world. In Africa, about 19.8 million adults are affected by diabetes. Of these, more than 50% are from Nigeria, South Africa, Ethiopia and Tanzania. Knowledge is the greatest weapon in the fight against diabetes mellitus. Self-management of patients with type two diabetic mellitus (T2DM) largely depends on the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of such people regarding the condition. The main objective of this study was to assess factors associated with KAP of type II diabetes (T2DM) patients attending Ambo University referral hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia. An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 248 T2DM patients aged ≥30 years old from Ambo University Referral Hospital. Data regarding KAP of diabetic patients were collected using interview techniques. In addition, anthropometric data of the participants were collected and assessed using WHO guidelines. Descriptive statistics was used to set the KAP level among the respondents while logistic regression model was applied to test the association of type two diabetic patients’ KAP with various independent variables. The mean of age among the respondents was 44 (±7.2) years. Of 248 respondents, 105 (42.3%) were from rural. Among the total 248 respondents, about 111 (44.8%), 117 (47.2%) and 121 (48.8%) were differentiated as not knowledgeable, having poor attitude and poor practice towards diabetes mellitus, respectively. Age, place of residence, level of education, average monthly income, history of diabetes and duration of living with diabetic mellitus were identified as factors affecting KAP towards diabetes. Both sex and occupational status were also factors affecting the knowledge level of T2DM patients. Furthermore, knowledge level was affecting both attitude and practice level of participants in the study area. This study found that there was a gap in KAP towards diabetes among T2DM patients in the study area. Therefore, a structured nutrition and health education should be given for T2DM patients through community based behavioral change communication (BCC) to improve the level of KAP towards diabetic mellitus in the study area.
Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic illness significantly affecting health of population throughout the world. In Africa, about 19.8 million adults are affected by diabetes. Of these, more than 50% are from Nigeria, South Africa, Ethiopia and Tanzania. Knowledge is the greatest weapon in the fight against diabetes mellitus. Self-management of patients with type ...
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Vibration Approach to Coronavirus Detection and Neutralization COVID-19
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
113-117
Received:
9 July 2020
Accepted:
23 July 2020
Published:
10 August 2020
Abstract: The person is difficult essence which unites a body, reason, soul and spirit. The spirit is the highest beginning in the person. It is connected with conscience – an internal criterion of justice, honesty, kindness, a righteousness. Thin material soul is connected with feelings and desires. The reason is connected with knowledge and thinking. The person is connected with the inner and physical world. It is connected by spirit and soul with an inner world, either light kind, or dark angry. Light cheerful he unites to Divine Spirit. Lives in a material world of people a body. The soul connects human lives in these worlds, connecting mind and body. The reason, spirit, soul and body influence at each other. Thoughts, feelings, desires and emotions create our body. Just thoughts, good wishes support normal functioning of an organism at all levels. No just thoughts, evil desires break normal functioning of an organism at all levels. The human body represents an oscillatory contour. In a physical body there is a difficult, combined, hierarchical, volume system of the connected standing waves of various quality: electric, magnetic, thermal, light, gravitational, mental. Electromagnetic standing waves form the biofield providing an electromagnetic homeostasis. Source of electromagnetic oscillations are cages. Development of an organism goes under the influence of mental energy. Mental energy gets into all cages. The biochemical carrier of mental energy are structural components of a cover of nervous fibers of the lipidic nature. Mental energy influences an electromagnetic homeostasis. Quality of mental energy depends on consciousness, feelings and desires. Arriving justly on conscience, the person produces mental energy of tranquility, which provides an electromagnetic homeostasis, differently mental energy of frustration which breaks an electromagnetic homeostasis is produced. In article is considered spiritual needs of the person as fruits of opposition of infection with COVID-19 coronavirus. A resonant approach to the detection of coronavirus COVID-19 is also proposed.
Abstract: The person is difficult essence which unites a body, reason, soul and spirit. The spirit is the highest beginning in the person. It is connected with conscience – an internal criterion of justice, honesty, kindness, a righteousness. Thin material soul is connected with feelings and desires. The reason is connected with knowledge and thinking. The p...
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Oxidative Stress and Human Psoriasis Diseases
Asrat Endrias,
Menakath Menon,
Mihretu Wodeyes,
Tamrat Abebe,
Mohammed Mehdi,
Ezra Belay,
Daniel Seifu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
118-124
Received:
15 July 2020
Accepted:
28 July 2020
Published:
10 August 2020
Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the immune system activation due to genetic and environmental factors that leads to the development of skin lesions. Reactive oxygen species produced as a result of skin inflammation may cause disorders of the antioxidant defense systems and increased oxidative stress in psoriasis which was proposed to have a consequent function in psoriasis. The study was planned to evaluate oxidative stress by measuring Total Oxidant Capacity, Total Anti-oxidant capacity and Oxidative Stress Index in psoriatic patients. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 90 participants between age of 18-65 years comprising 45 newly diagnosed psoriatic patients and 45 sex and age matched control groups were enrolled in the study. Result: The present study showed significantly increased levels of serum Total Oxidant Capacity (p<0.001) as well as Oxidative Stress Index (p<0.001) in psoriasis patients as compared to controls and positively correlated with severity and duration of the disease. Total Anti-oxidant capacity levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower in patients than in controls and negatively correlated with severity and duration of the disease. Conclusion: These results provide evidences regarding the role of increased reactive oxygen species with decreased antioxidant activity in psoriatic patients.
Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the immune system activation due to genetic and environmental factors that leads to the development of skin lesions. Reactive oxygen species produced as a result of skin inflammation may cause disorders of the antioxidant defense systems and increased oxidative stress in psoriasis wh...
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Poor Prognostic Factors in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Infected with Covid-19 – Review of Literatures
Odebiyi Hassan Abiola,
Dachi Rufai Abdul,
Pindiga Kasim Muhammad
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
125-130
Received:
9 July 2020
Accepted:
30 July 2020
Published:
17 August 2020
Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the co-inheritance of HbS with other abnormal haemoglobin. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 infections. The immunosuppression and chronic inflammatory states in patients with SCD predispose them to severe form of COVID-19. The few case studies on sickle cell disease patients infected with COVID-19 mostly discuss the pattern of clinical presentations and laboratory changes in patients with SCD infected with COVID-19. This review of literature assesses the prognostic indicators in sickle cell disease patients infected with COVID 19 in three major case series. Some presenting symptoms and signs, presence of comorbidities and certain laboratory parameters were compared with poor outcome of patients. Poor clinical outcomes of patients in this review included: 1. Duration of admission of ≥10 days, 2. A week or more of intensive care unit admission, 3. Death of patient despite intervention while on admission, and 4. Deterioration in the presenting comorbid clinical condition. The presenting symptoms and signs, presence of comorbidities and certain laboratory parameters associated with these poor clinical outcomes were considered as poor prognostic factors. The presence of comorbidities, markedly elevated pro-inflammatory markers such as leukocytosis, IL-6, C-reactive proteins, marked elevated D-Dimer and high serum creatinine are poor prognostic factors in sickle cell disease patients with COVID-19 infection.
Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the co-inheritance of HbS with other abnormal haemoglobin. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 infections. The immunosuppression and chronic inflammatory states in patients with SCD predispose them to severe form of COVID-19. The few case studies on sickle cell disease patien...
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