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Research Article
Evaluating Gene Expression and Signaling Activities in Lipopolysaccharide Induced Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Kristin Zindel,
Sarah Whiteman,
Kurstin Wiewel,
Anne Turner,
Meghan McGivern,
Suzanne Stapleton,
Marti Jett,
Chanaka Mendis*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
1-6
Received:
28 November 2023
Accepted:
23 December 2023
Published:
8 January 2024
Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in multiple cell types that ultimately could lead to septic shock in humans. This study is aimed at identifying a set of functionally relevant genes induced by LPS and evaluating the effect of signal transduction pathway inter-connector, cJun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), on LPS induced gene and protein expression in human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (hPBMCs). A specific gene expression pattern induced by LPS was identified through microarray analysis and was confirmed in a time dependent manner by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the presence of JNK specific inhibitor also known as anthrapyrazolone inhibitor and/or SP600125 both analyzed gene and protein expression that somewhat explained LPS induced cellular activities were altered. We believe the study will allow us to not only identify a set of functionally relevant genes induced by LPS but also better understand the role played by the complex interactions of multiple signal transduction pathways induced by LPS.
Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in multiple cell types that ultimately could lead to septic shock in humans. This study is aimed at identifying a set of functionally relevant genes induced by LPS and evaluating the effect of signal transduction pathway inter-connector, cJun N-termina...
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Research Article
Effect of Biochar Application on Early Germination Rate of Water Melon Seeds
Opara Ifeoma Juliet,
Ukoha Pius Oziri,
Obasi Nnamdi Lawrence,
Ekere Nwachukwu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
7-16
Received:
14 August 2023
Accepted:
6 September 2023
Published:
8 January 2024
Abstract: The effect of applying biochar produced at three temperatures (450-550°C) on the growth rate of watermelon seedlings is examined in this study. According to the proximate analysis, the fixed carbon content of groundnut shell biochar increases between 69.41 and 75.78% as the temperature rises. While the yield decreased as the temperature increased, the highest yield (49.61%) was achieved at 400°C. The pH of all the biochar produced in this study rises with temperature, reaching a maximum of 9.07 at 550°C, and is all alkaline. The groundnut shell biochar's (GSB) Zeta potential at 450°C and 500°C, respectively, was -16.3 mV and -8.38 mV at a pH range of 8–9. Alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds make up the majority of the functional groups found in the biochar and biomass samples. The growth rate of the watermelon seedlings was observed to be positively impacted by all the biochar samples at various temperatures. However, biochar produced at 400°C (GSB400) led to the best seedling growth. Due to the formation of aromatic carbon, which becomes recalcitrant and resistant to biological degradation, biochar produced at higher temperatures improved seedling growth but not to the same extent as that produced at lower temperatures (400°C). Negative charges were present on the surface of the biochar, which may aid in the protection of plants and soil improvement. According to Duncan's statistical analysis, GB400 significantly outperformed GB450, GB500, and GB550 (1.000), while there was a significant difference between the control and all of the biochar.
Abstract: The effect of applying biochar produced at three temperatures (450-550°C) on the growth rate of watermelon seedlings is examined in this study. According to the proximate analysis, the fixed carbon content of groundnut shell biochar increases between 69.41 and 75.78% as the temperature rises. While the yield decreased as the temperature increased, ...
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Research Article
Evaluation of Rhizobia Strain of Soybean (G. max) for Symbiotic Performance Grown in Acid-Prone Areas
Mamo Bekele*,
Getachew Yilma
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
17-21
Received:
8 December 2023
Accepted:
27 December 2023
Published:
11 January 2024
Abstract: The development of bio fertilizer for the legume crop is the crucial activity in the enhancement of sustainable agriculture to fulfill the human welfare. This research was focused on such aims through justifying the objective of evaluate the rhizobia isolate naturally associated with soybean obtained from acidic environment during the cropping season of 2019 and 2020. The activities were carried out with the nine treatments (SB AS ARC -010, SB AS ARC-008, SB AS ARC-022, SB Tgp-1, SB Tgp-3, SB SYB-1, TSP+Urea.50kg/ha, TSP and –Ve control) which were arranged in RCBD with three replication. Accordingly, the highest nodule numbers (189.1) were from isolates SB SYB-1 and the highest grain yield (2636.1kg/ha) and biomass weight (6794.7kg/ha) from isolate SB AS ARC-022 in the year 2019. In 2020, the highest nodule number (109.1) was obtained from isolate SB AS ARC-008 and the highest nodule dry weights (3.4) gram weight per plant. Additionally, in the year 2020, there were significant differences among the treatments on above ground biomass of the soybean yield and among different isolates the highest biomass yield (5284 kg/ha) was obtained when the soybean seed is inoculated with SB Tgp-3 rhizobia isolates which have significance difference with the negative control. Similarly, the highest grain yield were obtained when the soybean seed were inoculated with isolate SB Tgp-3 which was almost similar results with seeds inoculated with isolate SB AS ARC-008 and SB AS ARC -010. Overall, SB AS ARC-022 and SB Tgp-3 isolates were given the highest grain yield and can be used for soybean production in acid prone area alternatively.
Abstract: The development of bio fertilizer for the legume crop is the crucial activity in the enhancement of sustainable agriculture to fulfill the human welfare. This research was focused on such aims through justifying the objective of evaluate the rhizobia isolate naturally associated with soybean obtained from acidic environment during the cropping seas...
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Research Article
Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-1 Patients, Molecular Evaluation of AZT+3TC+EFV Regim
Babacar Faye*,
Bineta Ndiaye,
Cheikh Madické Ndiaye,
Mame Diarra Bousso Lam,
Ismaïl Barkiré,
Micailou Magassouba,
Cathy Cissé,
Aissatou Ngom,
Alioune Dièye
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
23-29
Received:
19 December 2023
Accepted:
6 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an effective way to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Several studies have demonstrated a reduction of sexual transmission of HIV in people on ART treatment and the main objective of antiretroviral treatment is to avoid the increase of, morbidity and mortality associated to AIDS. Furthermore, the 2030 UNAIDS target requires the achievement of the 3 “95s”, with the 2nd and 3rd linked to the establishment and success of treatment. This is why the evaluation of therapeutic regimens is necessary to achieve these targets. The aim of our study was therefore to assess the effectiveness of the AZT+3TC+EFV regimen in the antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infection. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study on the treatment of HIV-1 positive patients. For this study, 372 HIV positive patients were included and followed at the molecular biology laboratory of the HIV/AIDS program at Ouakam Military Hospital in Dakar, Senegal from 2014 to 2021. All plasma samples came from HIV-1 positive patients. Plasma viral load were performed on Abbott Real-Time HIV-1® (m2000sp/rt) and COBAS®AmpliPrep TaqMan® (Roche) v.2.0. p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 372 patients met the selection criteria, 62.1% were women and the sex ratio M/F was 0.61. The largest age group [40-60] represented 40.1% and those aged 60 was the smallest group with 5.4%. At 6 months, 12 months and 24 months of treatment, viral suppression was 41.1%, 65.9% and 80.6%, respectively. At 24 months of treatment, virological suppression was linked to age. Virological success at 24 months was 95%, 78.5%, 86.3%, 72.2% respectively for patients aged 65 or over, [45-65]years, [25-45] years and [0-25] years, (P= 0.02). At 12 months, the undetectable viral load was significantly higher in women with 70.1% than in men with 58.2% (P=0.02). The rate of therapeutic failure after 24 months of treatment was higher in men (22.7%) than in women (17.3%) (P=0.2). Therapeutic failure was significantly higher among the youngest aged [0-25] years with 27.8%. It was 13.7%, 21.5% and 5% for the groups [25-45] years, [45-65] years and 65 years or more respectively (P=0.02). Conclusion: AZT+3TC+EFV treatment gives HIV-1 patients a high virological suppression rate at 24 months. Sex was associated with viral suppression at 12 months being significantly higher in women. It was significantly greater in the elderly at 24 months of treatment. Therapeutic failure was linked to age after 24 months of treatment and higher in young people. This treatment remains effective and inexpensive, hence its interest for countries with limited resources.
Abstract: Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an effective way to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Several studies have demonstrated a reduction of sexual transmission of HIV in people on ART treatment and the main objective of antiretroviral treatment is to avoid the increase of, morbidity and mortality associated to AIDS. Furthermore, the 2030 ...
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