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Comparison of Indoor Air Quality in Eateries Within Zaria Metropolis
Osianemo Andrew Omole,
Ikem Mbamali,
Dalhatu Abdulsalam
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
1-6
Received:
4 September 2019
Accepted:
23 December 2019
Published:
7 January 2020
Abstract: Good indoor air quality in eateries is essential for ensuring healthy and comfortable workplace environment and enhancing visiting customer comfort and eatery personnel output and productivity. This study assessed the indoor air quality (IAQ) of selected Eateries in Zaria metropolis with a view to identifying the sources of pollutants and verifying their acceptability in relation with existing guidelines. The study relates to the concentration levels of specific indoor air quality indicators; temperature, relative humidity, carbon mono oxide, carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, particulate matter 2.5 and particulate matter 10. It was carried out by means of field survey, involving measurements and use of a well-structured checklist for relevant data collection on 13 eateries in Zaria metropolis. Two indoor locations (Dinning and Kitchen) were selected per eatery and four air samples collected at each, over a space of 15minutes during the harmattan season. Findings showed that the highest mean level of Temp (30.9°C), RH (49.2%), CO (21ppm), CO2 (890ppm), TVOC (0.237 mg/m3), HCHO (0.170mg/m3), PM2.5 (60µg/m3) and PM10 (62.9µg/m3) were found in the eateries F and M. Results from the inferential statistics showed significant differences (p<0.05) in dinning and kitchen for CO and PM2 respectively. Also, significant differences were seen in the four sampling sessions for all pollutants at different Eateries. In addition, Eateries should provide functioning exhaust, ventilation, and air conditioning facilities and air cleaning systems must be maintained and its parts must be inspected and cleaned based on the specifications approved by ASHRAE standard 62.
Abstract: Good indoor air quality in eateries is essential for ensuring healthy and comfortable workplace environment and enhancing visiting customer comfort and eatery personnel output and productivity. This study assessed the indoor air quality (IAQ) of selected Eateries in Zaria metropolis with a view to identifying the sources of pollutants and verifying...
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Socio-Eco-efficiency Indictors Effect on Water Consumption and Recycling Efficiency in Kombolecha, Ethiopia
Tefera Eshete Kebede,
Chipo Mukonza,
Munyaradzi Chitakira
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
7-19
Received:
28 July 2019
Accepted:
25 December 2019
Published:
9 January 2020
Abstract: Ethiopia is amongst agrarian economy but drought affected and rainfall dependent country in eastern Africa. Water consumption growth and green environmental problems were increasing parallel to factories production growth and population density rise in Kombolecha city. Consumers were used water resources for different purposes to attain their optimal social, economic and environmental aspects. However, consumer’s economic, social, and environmental indicators were disintegrated in the course of water consumption and recycling process. This study intended to determine the effect of socio-coefficient indicators on water consumption and recycling efficiency in Kombolecha. In doing so, this study employed instrumental variable model and two stages least square estimation that could be integrated the consumer’s social, economic and environmental indicators and built a socio-eco efficiency framework, which maintain water consumption and recycling efficiency in drought affected cities. In addition to this, propensity score matching estimation was used to evaluate the impacts of consumer’s poverty and consumption behaviours effect on water consumption and recycling efficiency. Accordingly, this study investigated that consumer’s water consumption behaviours were found different and varied across their production and consumption purposes in Kombolecha. For instance, factories were used different quantities of water along with their type of production. It was also computed that consumer’s social, economic and environmental aspects were associated with their water consumption and recycling processes. However, household’s consumption behavior and poverty level was negatively associated and affected the water consumption and recycling efficiency at the 5 percent significance level. In this study, nonetheless, rather than each separate indicator, the socio- eco efficiency framework, which consisted the three key indicators, were positively and statistically significant and influenced consumer’s water consumption and recycling efficiency in meeting green environment resilience. This study, thus, recommends that environment protection offices should be tactically integrated consumer’s social, economic and environmental indicators to build socio- eco efficiency that recover the green environment Kombolecha and at large in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Ethiopia is amongst agrarian economy but drought affected and rainfall dependent country in eastern Africa. Water consumption growth and green environmental problems were increasing parallel to factories production growth and population density rise in Kombolecha city. Consumers were used water resources for different purposes to attain their optim...
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Inverse Climate Modelling Study of the Planet Venus
Philip Mulholland,
Stephen Paul Rathbone Wilde
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
20-35
Received:
10 March 2020
Accepted:
25 March 2020
Published:
23 April 2020
Abstract: The terrestrial planet Venus is classified by astronomers as an inferior planet because it is located closer to the Sun than the Earth. Venus orbits the Sun at a mean distance of 108.21 Million Km and receives an average annual solar irradiance of 2601.3 W/m2, which is 1.911 times that of the Earth. A set of linked forward and inverse climate modelling studies were undertaken to determine whether a process of atmospheric energy retention and recycling could be established by a mechanism of energy partition between the solid illuminated surface and an overlying fully transparent, non-greenhouse gas atmosphere. Further, that this atmospheric process could then be used to account for the observed discrepancy between the average annual solar insolation flux and the surface tropospheric average annual temperature for Venus. Using a geometric climate model with a globular shape that preserves the key fundamental property of an illuminated globe, namely the presence on its surface of the dual environments of both a lit and an unlit hemisphere; we established that the internal energy flux within our climate model is constrained by a process of energy partition at the surface interface between the illuminated ground and the overlying air. The dual environment model we have designed permits the exploration and verification of the fundamental role that the atmospheric processes of thermal conduction and convection have in establishing and maintaining surface thermal enhancement within the troposphere of this terrestrial planet. We believe that the duality of energy partition ratio between the lit and unlit hemispheres applied to the model, fully accounts for the extreme atmospheric “greenhouse effect” of the planet Venus. We show that it is the meteorological process of air mass movement and energy recycling through the mechanism of convection and atmospheric advection, associated with the latitudinal hemisphere encompassing Hadley Cell that accounts for the planet’s observed enhanced atmospheric surface warming. Using our model, we explore the form, nature and geological timing of the climatic transition that turned Venus from a paleo water world into a high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide world.
Abstract: The terrestrial planet Venus is classified by astronomers as an inferior planet because it is located closer to the Sun than the Earth. Venus orbits the Sun at a mean distance of 108.21 Million Km and receives an average annual solar irradiance of 2601.3 W/m2, which is 1.911 times that of the Earth. A set of linked forward and inverse climate model...
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