Precise Prediction of Hurricane Power vs Ocean Temperature
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-5
Received:
7 December 2020
Accepted:
9 January 2021
Published:
23 February 2021
Abstract: It has long been known that hurricanes, the strongest and most destructive atmospheric events, do not occur below a sea surface temperature near 26 C. The detailed dependence of hurricane power on ocean temperature is of increasing interest and concern in the prospect of continuing global warming. The hurricane power was usefully quantified by Emanuel in 2005 with the definition and tabulations of the power dissipation index, PDI. This is the integral over the relevant sea areas of the cube of the maximum windspeed, representiting the power dissipated over one year. In his important 2005 paper Emanuel found that the PDI for the North Atlantic increased strongly in recent decades and showed in plots a close correlation of PDI with sea surface temperature. A critical temperature Tc, and a linear T-Tc power law dependence, typical of a continuous phase transition, for hurricanes have prcviously (Wolf, 2020) been inferred from plots of the power dissipation index PDI vs sea surface temperature T. This implies that tropical cyclone formation can usefully be regarded as a second order phase transition of the warm ocean-atmosphere system, driven by disequilibrium in atmospheric water content. We here show that the theory of phase transitions allows a precise prediction of the temperature dependence of hurricane power and windspeed on ocean surface temperature. We find that the wind velocity transition of the hurricane is in the same universality class as the Ising Model, the uniaxial antiferromagenet and the vapor- liquid transition of simple fluids, and shares their critical exponent. An implication for the applicability of potential intensity theory is noted.
Abstract: It has long been known that hurricanes, the strongest and most destructive atmospheric events, do not occur below a sea surface temperature near 26 C. The detailed dependence of hurricane power on ocean temperature is of increasing interest and concern in the prospect of continuing global warming. The hurricane power was usefully quantified by Eman...
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Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil Phyto-Compounds as Leads to Potential Mosquitocides
Mathalaimuthu Baranitharan,
Jayabal Gokulakrishnan,
Kaliyamoorthy Krishnappa,
Jeganathan Pandiyan,
Kuppusamy Elumalai
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
6-12
Received:
24 May 2019
Accepted:
26 July 2019
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: Mosquitocidal activities of Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) different concentration of essential oil (EO) and its major phytocompounds (MPCs) tested against three important human vector mosquitoes (HVMs). The quantitative analyses of EO phyto-chemical compositions (PCCs) were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The HVMswere exposed to various concentrations of EO and its MPCs tested under laboratory condition by using standard protocols. Vector mortalities were subjected to log-probit analysis. Chemical compositions (CCs) of 47 compounds were identified and the MPCs of EO were Terpinen (38.0339%) followed by Linalool (34.4992%), Caryophyllene (6.1480%), Octanone (2.3906%) and Camphene (2.0989%). The maximum larval mortality was found in Linalool against the larvae of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) followed by Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) and Culexquinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) with the LC50 values were 36.26, 36.81 and 37.49 ppm respectively. Ovicidal activity of the Linalool found most effective than other compounds. These results are clearly suggests that EO and its MPCs have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach, traditional method for control of HVMs and this is the first report on the mosquitocidal activities of L. angustifolia EO of MPCs.
Abstract: Mosquitocidal activities of Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) different concentration of essential oil (EO) and its major phytocompounds (MPCs) tested against three important human vector mosquitoes (HVMs). The quantitative analyses of EO phyto-chemical compositions (PCCs) were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). ...
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History of Observations of Seismogenic Phenomena in the Atmosphere and Formalization of Their Decryption
Lushvin Petr Vladimirovich,
Buyanova Marina Olegovna
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
13-19
Received:
24 May 2021
Accepted:
18 June 2021
Published:
23 June 2021
Abstract: Since ancient times, observers, including Babylonians, residents of the environs of Vesuvius, Japanese, have noted specific phenomena in the atmosphere, on the ground, in water and in the behavior of animals in anticipation of earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. In the atmosphere, it is a haze, narrow dark cloud stripes of great length, black mists, slots in the clouds. The languages of the flame from the slots in the ground, hot springs, the change of river channels, various noises, excitement, the smell of hydrogen sulfide in standing waters, the mass release of fish from the water, the restless behavior of animals. Aristotle suggested that these phenomena in the atmosphere are caused by gas emissions from the Earth, Humboldt associated with seismogenic changes in atmospheric electricity. Later, researchers linked them to activated faults of the earth's crust, the local concentration of ions in radiation. Modern geological analysis showed the presence of methane in those areas, faults of the earth's crust, and the growth of electromagnetic fields several times before earthquakes. However, the decryption of atmospheric precursors remained at the level of author decryption of satellite images of atmospheric formations, which did not exclude the mass of noise estimates, for example, orographic and long-range clouds, aircraft traces. There was no identification of the "blackness" of clouds and fogs. Our analysis of the spectral characteristics of atmospheric formations showed that the water intake of some narrow extended clouds above the faults of the earth's crust is zero, in their zone the local minimum of the integral humidity of the atmosphere. The phenomenological representation of the components of solar radiation made it possible to identify the characteristic size of the cloud atmospheric aerosol from spectral data from the NOAA series, thereby concluding the predominantly dry dust composition of seismogenic clouds, their "blackness." The presence of narrow extended breaks in wet meteorological clouds over activated faults of the Earth's crust is also associated with the reaction of atmospheric moisture to electromagnetic disturbances - clouds diverge, visible dust formations do not form since atmospheric dust is previously "disassembled" by meteorological clouds into condensation nuclei. The discussed atmospheric anomalies precede local earthquakes.
Abstract: Since ancient times, observers, including Babylonians, residents of the environs of Vesuvius, Japanese, have noted specific phenomena in the atmosphere, on the ground, in water and in the behavior of animals in anticipation of earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. In the atmosphere, it is a haze, narrow dark cloud stripes of great length, black mists,...
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