Abstract: In an ethnically heterogeneous area like Metekel, federalism is not a solution to end ethnically diversified conflicts. The finding of this study also confirms that the indigenous and non-indigenous divide poses a great challenge to the principles of federalism in Metekel and it appears incompatible with the provisions of the FDRE constitution. This has been generating disunity or controversy since every Ethiopian citizen is entitled to equal rights wherever she or he resides in the country. The constitutional division coupled with exclusionary political practice on non-indigenous ethnic groups is seriously threatening the notion of unity in diversity in the region’s political environment. The main purpose of this study was to explore the current existing socio-political, cultural, economic, and linguistic conflicts of the Metekel zone in the North-West part of Ethiopia. The study is a pure qualitative investigation that mainly employed interviews, document analysis, and focus group discussions made with key informant participants of elders and a few elites who are living in the area. Through these instruments of data collection, it was tried to triangulate and crosscheck the results obtained from each instrument. The findings of the study indicated that the political interference and the politically interested groups around the Great Renaissance Dam escalated the conflict and the threat increased after the establishment of the dam in the area from the perspective of its future service around the dam. Besides, it was concluded that since Metekel is a fertile area, the demand increased through pretending to the heterogeneous nature of the geographical nature, social structure, and the sociolinguistics aspects of the people. The other threat used by the politicians was interested groups from the “minority in number (i.e., Shinasha and Gumuz) people that were used as an instrument for escalating the demand to take over the area into its former province called Gojjam. Furthermore, it was found that Pawe woreda is administered by “settlers of Amhara or Hadiya and Kenbata as a vice administrator in the woreda”. However, since the area is very fertile and huge, the study recommended that either ethnically or geographically, it has to be reunite to its previous province since it could not stay being as a lid, and/or it has to be an independent region.Abstract: In an ethnically heterogeneous area like Metekel, federalism is not a solution to end ethnically diversified conflicts. The finding of this study also confirms that the indigenous and non-indigenous divide poses a great challenge to the principles of federalism in Metekel and it appears incompatible with the provisions of the FDRE constitution. Thi...Show More
Abstract: This paper envisages that drought is a natural phenomenon. However it’s also Man made in different countries, particularly India and South Africa and Brazilian countries along with other countries. Though drought disrupts the socio-economic situation and conditions are particularly devastating. Drought leaves a pathetic condition in India. Primary surveys and case studies envisage that drought is a geographical and socio-economic and natural phenomenon. However in India droughts and famines are not new. Famine codes were existing during Calcutta famine. The survival strategies of migration nomadic pastoralism along with sheep and goat rearing are well found has been recorded by the present author. Though drought is due to scarcity of rain it affects much the poor. There are many studies at aggregate level but at the micro level studies are very rear. Hence this paper concentrates on drought and its impact on economy of the society. Introduction: general theme of this paper is that drought, though an agro-climatic phenomenon has far reaching socio-economic consequences. The adverse impact of drought on the poorer sections is devastating, while the richer classes may actually benefit from it. There actually may emerge a new middle class consisting of the middle peasantry, rich families and traders in the countryside and a section engaged in urban based trading, industrial and services sector. Research Methodology: A qualitative socio-economic survey was undertaken in four Indian Villages using sample method 20% of the total household belonging to shepherds, STs and other Backward Sections of Society. Survey Method consists village household survey migrant and non-migrant households. Participant observation method was applied to take data. The present note is an attempt to bring together the impact of drought on different classes. The first part of the paper brings together the experiences from the Africa and Latin American continents. The second part consists of a review of studies made on the Indian experience. The third part makes a few concluding observations where the free market is expected to emerge as the major economic strategy.Abstract: This paper envisages that drought is a natural phenomenon. However it’s also Man made in different countries, particularly India and South Africa and Brazilian countries along with other countries. Though drought disrupts the socio-economic situation and conditions are particularly devastating. Drought leaves a pathetic condition in India. Primary ...Show More
Abstract: The leadership role of Communist Party of Vietnam towards Vietnamese revolutions is an interesting topic that draw attention of many scholars and researchers in Vietnam as well as around the world. This study aims at clarifying the Party's leadership role in building socialism in Vietnam in the current context. The Party has led and governed the Vietnamese people by the Platform and led the State to concretize and institutionalize the guidelines into policies and laws. Proper understanding of the relationship between the Party's leadership, the State's management, and the people's ownership is a decisive factor for the success of the revolutionary cause of Vietnam. In this study, the author only focuses on studying some aspects of the role of the Communist Party of Vietnam in building socialism in Vietnam, including four aspects: 1. Developing a socialist-oriented market economy. 2. Building and perfecting the Socialist rule of law State in Vietnam. 3. Building and promoting socialist democracy; 4. Discussing socialist happiness in Vietnam today. The author has used scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, abstraction and generalization, logic and history, and comparison to reach the results of the study. The finding of the study shows that the Communist Party of Vietnam has played a crucial role in every success of Vietnamese revolutions and in building socialism in Vietnam at present.Abstract: The leadership role of Communist Party of Vietnam towards Vietnamese revolutions is an interesting topic that draw attention of many scholars and researchers in Vietnam as well as around the world. This study aims at clarifying the Party's leadership role in building socialism in Vietnam in the current context. The Party has led and governed the Vi...Show More
