A Review: Sample Preparation Methods for the Pesticide Residue Analysis in Food Samples
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
65-76
Received:
16 September 2020
Accepted:
30 September 2020
Published:
11 November 2020
Abstract: The pesticide residues in foods have received increasing attention as one of the most important food safety issues. Therefore, more strict regulations on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in foods have been established in many countries and health organizations, based on the sensitive and reliable analysis methods of pesticide residues. However, the analysis of pesticide residues is a continuing challenge mainly because of the small quantities of analytes as well as the large amounts of interfering substances which can be co-extracted with them, often leading to experimental errors and damage to the Analytical instruments. Thus, extensive sample preparation is often required for the pesticide residue analysis for the effective extraction of the analytes and removal of the interferences. This paper focuses on reviewing the recent development in the sample preparation methods for the pesticide residue analysis in some food samples. The methods include: Liquid-Liquid extraction (LLE), Solid-Phase extraction (SPE), Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion (MSPD), Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME), QuEChERS, and Liquid Phase Micro-extraction (LPME).
Abstract: The pesticide residues in foods have received increasing attention as one of the most important food safety issues. Therefore, more strict regulations on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in foods have been established in many countries and health organizations, based on the sensitive and reliable analysis methods of pesticide residu...
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HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS Analysis of Polyphenol-rich Extracts from Mango (Mangifera indica L.), Tommy Atkins and Haden Varieties, Cultivated in Dominican Republic
Alberto Julio Nunez-Selles,
Victor Manuel Espaillat Martínez,
Lauro Nuevas Paz
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
77-88
Received:
25 November 2020
Accepted:
4 December 2020
Published:
16 December 2020
Abstract: Background: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of mango stem bark extracts (MSBE) have been reported. A previous published report described the identification of several components (polyphenols, polyols, and sugars) by HPLC, MS, and NMR. Mangiferin (2-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyl-9H- xanthen-9-one) was identified as the major bioactive component of MSBE. However, MSBE has shown more potent effects than model mangiferin solutions in several in vitro experiments at different concentrations. Therefore, there are other extract components which contribute to the observed pharmacological effects. Objective: The identification of other polyphenolic components in MSBE, which may contribute to the observed pharmacological effects through a synergic pathway. Method: Polyphenol-rich extracts from mango stem bark and branch trees from two varieties (Haden and Tommy Atkins), cultivated in Dominican Republic, were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Butanol MSBE extract from Haden mango stem bark was analyzed by HPLC-MS-ESI. Results: The mangiferin content in Haden mango extracts by HPLC-DAD was considerably high as compared to previous reports in the literature from other mango varieties. The identification of Haden mango stem bark butanolic extract components by HPLC-ESI-MS led to the unambiguous identification of 20 components: 2 benzoic acid derivatives, gallic acid and 8 gallate derivatives, 2 benzophenones (maclaurin and iriflophenone types), 3 flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin), mangiferin, isomangiferin, homomangiferin, and noratyriol. Conclusion: HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of the Haden mango SB extract showed the presence of many polyphenolic components, not previously reported, which may correlate to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or analgesic effects of this extract mostly through a synergistic effect of its components. The potential exploitation of mango by-products from the Haden variety would be the best option for obtaining polyphenol-rich extracts from mango agricultural by-products to be used as bioactive ingredients in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and/or pharmaceutical formulations.
Abstract: Background: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of mango stem bark extracts (MSBE) have been reported. A previous published report described the identification of several components (polyphenols, polyols, and sugars) by HPLC, MS, and NMR. Mangiferin (2-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyl-9H- xanthen-9-one) was identified as t...
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