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Comparative Study of Phytochemical and Nutrient Contents of Various Parts of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’ Rorke) Baill. and Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen
Chinelo Anthonia Ezeabara,
Ezeani Darlington Somtochukwu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, November 2016
Pages:
10-14
Received:
17 August 2016
Accepted:
8 September 2016
Published:
11 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11
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Abstract: The phytochemical and nutrient constituents of seed, leaf, stem bark and root bark of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill. and I. wombolu Vermoesen were determined and compared with a view to providing additional taxonomic characters for differentiating between the two species, and to supply useful information that would lead to increased utilization of parts of these species in ethnobotany as food and drug. Significant difference was established at p<0.05. The phytochemical analysis of Irvingia gabonensis revealed the greatest levels of alkaloid, anthraquinone, flavonoid, saponin and sterol in stem bark at 2.78±0.02%, 3.17±0.01%, 1.17±0.01%, 0.91±0.01% and 0.25±0.00% respectively; hydrogen cyanide and tannin in seed at 4.78±0.03 mg/kg and 1.25±0.00% respectively while terpenoid in the leaf was 0.45±0.00%. Least values of alkaloid, saponin, sterol, tannin and terpenoid were found in the root bark of I. wombolu at these values: 0.93±0.01%, 0.56±0.04%, 0.05±0.00%, 0.78±0.02% and 0.13±0.01% respectively. Nutrient determination of I. gabonensis and I. wombolu had carbohydrate as the highest nutrient with 68.44+0.04% in the root bark and 56.86±0.47% in the stem bark while lowest fat content was present in the root bark of I. gabonensis and stem bark of I. wombolu at 1.45±0.02% and 1.65±0.00% respectively. It was also observed that the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis and I. wombolu contained high percentage of crude protein at 17.43±0.03% and 16.61±0.01% respectively. These chemical characters could be applied as additional taxonomic parameters in distinguishing between these two species of Irvingia. In addition, the findings have shown that these various parts of both species could be useful in pharmaceutical preparations and ethnobotany as food and drug.
Abstract: The phytochemical and nutrient constituents of seed, leaf, stem bark and root bark of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill. and I. wombolu Vermoesen were determined and compared with a view to providing additional taxonomic characters for differentiating between the two species, and to supply useful information that would lead to in...
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Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Theoretical Evaluation of New Cu(II) and Ni(II) Complexes of Flavon
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, November 2016
Pages:
15-19
Received:
17 September 2016
Accepted:
12 October 2016
Published:
21 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.12
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Abstract: A new series of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with the Flavone ligand were prepared and spectroscopic method and elemental analysis verified their structures. All the prepared complexes have been identified by available spectroscopic tools (UV-Visible and IR) in addition the structure of complexes was characterized by magnetic moments and molar conductance in DMSO solution. From the above of these studies and measurements suggest an tetrahedral geometry around Cu(II) and Ni(II). A theoretical treatment of the formation of complexes in the gas phase was studied; this was done using the HYPERCHEM-6 program for the Molecular mechanics and Semi-empirical calculations.
Abstract: A new series of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with the Flavone ligand were prepared and spectroscopic method and elemental analysis verified their structures. All the prepared complexes have been identified by available spectroscopic tools (UV-Visible and IR) in addition the structure of complexes was characterized by magnetic moments and molar condu...
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Insecticidal Activity of Essential oil of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) Bullock
Adesola Adebajo Osunsami,
Sunkanmi Emmanuel Sotubo,
Oladipupo Adejumobi Lawal,
Isiaka Ajani Ogunwande,
Olanrewaju Ishola Eresanya
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, November 2016
Pages:
20-23
Received:
22 August 2016
Accepted:
23 September 2016
Published:
28 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.13
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Abstract: The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaf of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) Bullock (Asclepiadaceae) was studied for the insecticidal activity using a conventional procedure. Different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/mL) of P. nigrescens essential oil prepared separately and diluted in DMSO were tested on the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. The essential oil displayed 100% mortality (fumigant toxicity) against S. zeamais adults at tested concentration of 150 mg/mL with lethal concentrations (LC50) of 46.14 mg/mL air. This is the first report on the insecticidal activity of essential oil of P. nigrescens and may be explore as a potential natural herbal plant for the control of insect pest.
Abstract: The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaf of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) Bullock (Asclepiadaceae) was studied for the insecticidal activity using a conventional procedure. Different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/mL) of P. nigrescens essential oil prepared separately and diluted in DMSO were tested on the maize wee...
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Identification of Leads as Topoisomerase-II Inhibitors Using Pharmacophore Mapping
Deveeka Zamare,
Shraddha Choudhary,
Bishwambhar Mishra
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, November 2016
Pages:
24-30
Received:
27 August 2016
Accepted:
12 October 2016
Published:
28 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.14
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Abstract: DNA topoisomerases are unique enzymes which play a major role in solving the topological problems associated with DNA molecule. Topoisomerase enzymes are highly expressed in cells which undergo rapid and uncontrolled cell divisions. Inhibition of this enzyme represents a major potential therapeutic approach for cancer. The computational tools that have allowed understanding the biological functions of Topoisomerase-II are being applied to understanding drug action. In this study, we have developed a quantitative pharmacophore model based on topoisomerase inhibitors collected from the literature. Molecular Docking Analysis was performed with AutoDock4 Software. Topoisomerase II (PDB-id 2RGR) was selected for finding its potent inhibitor. A comprehensive molecular modelling was performed to identify the pertinent features that could be used as a starting point for design of ligands with increased affinity and target selectivity. According to the pharmacophore mapping, the resulting pharmacophoric points could be used for the generation of new molecule that include all this point and hence will act as a better inhibitor for Topoisomerase II receptor.
Abstract: DNA topoisomerases are unique enzymes which play a major role in solving the topological problems associated with DNA molecule. Topoisomerase enzymes are highly expressed in cells which undergo rapid and uncontrolled cell divisions. Inhibition of this enzyme represents a major potential therapeutic approach for cancer. The computational tools that ...
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Autofluorescence of Plant Secretory Cells as Possible Tool for Pharmacy
Victoria V. Roshchina,
Andrei V. Kuchin,
Valerii A. Yashin
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, November 2016
Pages:
31-38
Received:
22 September 2016
Accepted:
12 October 2016
Published:
3 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.15
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Abstract: First experiments for identification of intact plant secretory cells filled with products of secondary metabolism known as drugs based on their fluorescence characteristics has been analyzed on some medicinal plants. Autofluorescence of compounds containing in intact and dried cells induced, mainly, by ultra-violet or violet light was well seen in visible region under various types of luminescent microscopes, including laser-scanning confocal microscope. In the fluorescence spectra of the objects one could see characteristic maxima that may be used in practice of pharmacy. The autofluorescence application gives a possibility to study occurrence and location of natural drugs within tissues and cells. Examples of similar analysis have been considered by use alkaloid-, anthraquinone- and terpenoid-containing medicinal plant species. Especially informative were the fluorescence spectra of pharmaceutically-valuable Chelidonium majus and Frangula alnus where the emission of alkaloids and anthraquinones, relatively, as drugs prevailed in the natural samples. In first species secretory cells of laticifers contained alkaloids chelerythine and sanguinarine. In more complex, multicomponent samples such as terpenoid-enriched species Achillea millefolium, Artemisia absinthium and Calendula officinalis the interference terpenoids and phenols (brightly fluoresced in glands and secretory hairs) in blue or blue-green emission were observed. Perspectives and difficulties of pharmaceutical analysis with using of autofluorescence were also considered.
Abstract: First experiments for identification of intact plant secretory cells filled with products of secondary metabolism known as drugs based on their fluorescence characteristics has been analyzed on some medicinal plants. Autofluorescence of compounds containing in intact and dried cells induced, mainly, by ultra-violet or violet light was well seen in ...
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Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Study of Nigella sativa L
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, November 2016
Pages:
39-43
Received:
30 August 2016
Accepted:
14 November 2016
Published:
17 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.16
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Abstract: The current investigation was designed to assess the preliminary phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and anti-radical effect of crude methanolic extract and isolated fractions of Nigella sativa seeds using established protocol. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, proteins and amino acids, fatty acids and caumarine. The crude methanolic extract and isolated fraction were subjected to antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions demonstrated significant (80% and 78%) antioxidant activity. Regarding antibacterial activity of N. sativa, chloroform fraction showed good antibacterial effect as compared to the rest of solvent extracted fractions. Fractions were tested for antifungal activity as well. Amongst all, MeOH fraction showed good antifungal activity against A. N and A. S. n- Hexane showed no activity while other fractions showed moderate activity. The current finding suggests that N. sativa contains potential molecules which exhibited excellent antioxidant and antibacterial effect.
Abstract: The current investigation was designed to assess the preliminary phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and anti-radical effect of crude methanolic extract and isolated fractions of Nigella sativa seeds using established protocol. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids,...
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Treatment of Textile Waste Effluents Using Moringa Oleifera Lam
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, November 2016
Pages:
44-46
Received:
28 August 2016
Accepted:
15 October 2016
Published:
9 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.17
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Abstract: Waste effluents samples collected from African textile manufactures ltd (ATM) located in Challawa Kano state, was studied for the effectiveness of using Moring Oleifera lam (Zogale) seed powder in its treatment. The effect of oil extraction (of the seed) and pH – correction of the effluents on the treatment was also studied.It was observed that Moring seed powder can be used as a primarycoagulant beforeor after the moringa oil extraction.The moringa seed exhibit no effect on the pH value of the treated effluents as no significant change on the coagulation property after pH – correction of the effluents was observed. Metals content was determined using AAS method.It was observed that the mean reduction in concentration of the metals in the treated to raw ranged from 49% (Mn), 46% (Cr), 40% (Fe), 33% (Zn), 33% (Ca), 28%(Pb)23% (Mg), 1%(Co), the percentage decrease in turbidities before or after oil extraction ranged between 80% to 93%. Moringa oleifera seed powder can be used effectively in the pretreatment of textile waste effluents before its final discharge into the surface water.
Abstract: Waste effluents samples collected from African textile manufactures ltd (ATM) located in Challawa Kano state, was studied for the effectiveness of using Moring Oleifera lam (Zogale) seed powder in its treatment. The effect of oil extraction (of the seed) and pH – correction of the effluents on the treatment was also studied.It was observed that Mor...
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Screening Investigation of Novel 1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thione Derivatives on Anticonvulsant Activity
Dmitryi Pavlovich Kavraiskyi,
Sergey Yurievich Shtrygol',
Victoria Akopovna Georgiyants,
Narzullo Boboevich Saidov
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, November 2016
Pages:
47-51
Received:
30 August 2016
Accepted:
19 October 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.18
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Abstract: 1,2,4-triazole and its derivatives are present in many biologically active aromatic compounds that have different biological properties and clinical applications including anticonvulsant activity. The number of studies in this direction is increasing. Therefore, based on the results of previous computer predictions, 8 novel 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives have been synthesized in the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the National Pharmacy University of Ukraine. The screening test of novel 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives on anticonvulsant activity in PTZ-induced seizures was conducted on mice. Among test substances revealed were those, which in the dose of 100 mg/kg showed moderate anticonvulsive effect and which were non-inferior to "reference drug" sodium valproate by some parameters. Screening results have confirmed the reasonability of in-depth anticonvulsive activity study of substances-leaders, pharmacological study of their mechanism of action, spectrum of anticonvulsant activity, concurrent types of pharmacological activity, dose-dependence of effect and safety.
Abstract: 1,2,4-triazole and its derivatives are present in many biologically active aromatic compounds that have different biological properties and clinical applications including anticonvulsant activity. The number of studies in this direction is increasing. Therefore, based on the results of previous computer predictions, 8 novel 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione ...
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