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A Model of Human Behavior Based on Visual Information Processing Mechanism for Reliability-Based System Design
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
20-27
Abstract: The aim of this study is to discuss the relation between the reliability of structural systems and the performance of human perception in human–machine systems. In this paper, we would like to evaluate the effect of performance deterioration on structural safety from the viewpoint of uncertainties in human behavior. The sensitivity of structural safety to such uncertainties is discussed on the basis of a stress–strength model by considering that uncertainties in structural systems can be divided into objective and subjective uncertainties in applied stress and strength. There are two types of subjective uncertainties, one associated with the designer and the other associated with the operator. In this context, the performance of the operator in terms of visual perception was investigated through visual tasks. Concretely, two kinds of experiments such as response time and useful field of view were carried out. Based on experimental results and analysis, it was shown that the relations between subjective uncertainty of machine and human performance affect the final probability of failure of structural systems, including human-machine systems.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to discuss the relation between the reliability of structural systems and the performance of human perception in human–machine systems. In this paper, we would like to evaluate the effect of performance deterioration on structural safety from the viewpoint of uncertainties in human behavior. The sensitivity of structural sa...
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Manifestations of Psychotic Symptomatology during Ex-cessive Internet Use
Konstantinos S. Bonotis,
Evangelini S. Kita,
Agisilaos D. Zerdelis,
Odysseas D. Mouzas,
Nikiforos V. Angelopoulos
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
28-35
Abstract: The use, let alone the excessive use, of the internet is an expanding new social phenomenon. There is a growing reference to a problematic attitude called “internet addiction” as a candidate for a new psychiatric entity. Up to now, various psychiatric symptoms and disorders have been described which are related to the internet pathologic use: impulse control disorder, compulsive behavior, withdrawal symptoms, depressive mood, social phobia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, social isolation, functional decline. In this study, we report on three cases of first psychotic episodes following a period of aggravating internet overuse and we indicate a possible cycling relationship between this behavioral pattern and the emerging of a psychotic syndrome.
Abstract: The use, let alone the excessive use, of the internet is an expanding new social phenomenon. There is a growing reference to a problematic attitude called “internet addiction” as a candidate for a new psychiatric entity. Up to now, various psychiatric symptoms and disorders have been described which are related to the internet pathologic use: impul...
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Japanese Interpersonal Competences, Narcissism and Moral Affects
Masayo Uji,
Toshiaki Nagata,
Toshinori Kitamura
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
43-50
Abstract: This study mainly examined two hypotheses: the first, based on Benedict’s argument that Japanese culture is a “culture of shame,” is that Japanese interpersonal competences are facilitated by shame but not guilt, the second, narcissism inhibits use of the Japanese interpersonal competencies. The respondents were 408 Japanese university students. NPI-S, TOSCA-3, and JICS were applied for assessing narcissism, moral affects (guilt and shame), and Japanese interpersonal competences. After confirming the JICS’s two-factor structure (Perceptive Ability and Self-Restraint), structural equation modeling was used in examining the hypotheses on the relationship between narcissism, moral affects, and Japanese inter-personal competencies. The results showed that Japanese interpersonal competences were facilitated by narcissism. Prone-ness to shame left individuals less inclined to adopt the competences, while guilt-proneness stimulated the use of the com-petences. We conclude by discussing the narcissistic attitudes that are common in Japanese culture.
Abstract: This study mainly examined two hypotheses: the first, based on Benedict’s argument that Japanese culture is a “culture of shame,” is that Japanese interpersonal competences are facilitated by shame but not guilt, the second, narcissism inhibits use of the Japanese interpersonal competencies. The respondents were 408 Japanese university students. NP...
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What Does Literature Say about Student at Risk
Asbah Razali,
Farimah Dokoushkani,
Kogilavani Rajendran
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
51-58
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to review the research on at-risk students in order to determine what the literature reveals about the combined influence of school and community type on placing students at risk. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore the various outcomes for student's risk factor in school and in the community found in literature. We explore whether another factor also plays a role included the school and education system factors, the poverty factors, the surrounding factors, family structure problems, peer factors and the abuse and violence factors. The discussion will included the intensive measure in solving students and community risk factors. We also explore the interventions from school and teachers, family intervention, parental skills, parental support and supervision, family interaction and the communal intervention. In this article, we also discuss the intensive measures in solving student and community risk factors based on intensive programs in Malaysia compare to intervention programs of the west.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to review the research on at-risk students in order to determine what the literature reveals about the combined influence of school and community type on placing students at risk. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore the various outcomes for student's risk factor in school and in the community found in literature...
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Temporal Expectations Affect Retrospective Temporal Judgments: Evidence in Favour of Assimilation Effects
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
59-65
Abstract: A study containing four experiments provided evidence in favour of assimilation effects in retrospective duration judgments due to temporal expectations. In this study, the participants did not know in advance that they would have to reproduce the duration of a target interval. Temporal expectations were induced prior to the target interval by the repeated presentation of a visually filled interval (the expectancy interval). Both the duration of the expectancy interval and the number of presentations of that interval were varied between subjects. The experiments showed a clear assimilation effect of temporal expectations on reproduced duration, indicated by judged durations strongly resembling the duration of the ex-pectancy interval. This effect increased with the magnitude of the difference between the expectancy interval and the target interval, and with the number of repetitions of the expectancy interval. Results were discussed with reference to Helson’s adaptation-level theory.
Abstract: A study containing four experiments provided evidence in favour of assimilation effects in retrospective duration judgments due to temporal expectations. In this study, the participants did not know in advance that they would have to reproduce the duration of a target interval. Temporal expectations were induced prior to the target interval by the ...
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Rod and Frame Alignment Times Increase When the Frame is Tilted
Jeff Bagust,
Sharon Docherty,
Rima Abdul Razzak
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
66-72
Received:
9 May 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: The Rod and Frame test measures an individual’s subjective assessment of visual vertical and horizontal in the presence of a surrounding tilted frame. Attention has focused upon the effects of the surrounding frame upon spatial accuracy (Spatial Frame Effect). We have investigated if the tilted frame also affects the time that subjects take to make the alignment (Temporal Frame Effect). Results: 125 subjects performed a computerised Rod and Frame test to investigate the effects of a tilted frame on subjective visual vertical and horizontal. In addition the program recorded the time taken to make each alignment. For most subjects the mean Spatial Frame Effect was small (vertical 1.62, SD 0.93; horizontal 1.9, SD 1.43). The mean time taken to make alignments in the presence of a tilted frame was longer than when the frame was not tilted (vertical, +3.4s, SD 4.4; horizontal, +3.2s, SD 4.5). Differences in the times taken when the rod and frame were presented congruently and incongruently could be fully accounted for by the differences in steps needed to move the rod to its final alignment. No relationship was found between the spatial accuracy and the time to make the alignment and there was no relationship between the Spatial and Temporal Frame Effects. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Spatial, and Temporal, Frame Effects provide information about different aspects of the process of resolving conflicting visual information when making judgments on alignment. In everyday functions such as the maintenance of balance or susceptibility to motion sickness, the increased time taken may be as important as spatial accuracy
Abstract: The Rod and Frame test measures an individual’s subjective assessment of visual vertical and horizontal in the presence of a surrounding tilted frame. Attention has focused upon the effects of the surrounding frame upon spatial accuracy (Spatial Frame Effect). We have investigated if the tilted frame also affects the time that subjects take to make...
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Promoting Positive Mental Health among Students in Malaysia
Che Rozaniza Azizan,
Asbah Razali,
Rajalingam Pillai
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
73-82
Received:
29 April 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: This article examines analytic issues in research on mental health affecting the students in Malaysia. The review notes the continued move in briefing on the definition of mental health and mental health manner in promoting healthy secondary school students in Malaysia. At the point, parents and teachers are the individuals identified to perform this heavy duty and their collaboration is vital in promoting positive mental health among the students. Thus, the discussion will include definition of mental health, types of mental illness and appropriate measures taken to promote mental health, particularly among students in Malaysia.
Abstract: This article examines analytic issues in research on mental health affecting the students in Malaysia. The review notes the continued move in briefing on the definition of mental health and mental health manner in promoting healthy secondary school students in Malaysia. At the point, parents and teachers are the individuals identified to perform th...
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