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Social Capital of Urban Settlement
Andarita Rolalisasi,
Happy Santosa,
Ispurwono Soemarno
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
83-88
Received:
28 April 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: This is a literature review on social capital that hold together the community of settlement where people live in. It will discuss the spatial aspect of architectural behavior to conduct the theory framework. The methods used are qualitative analysis and literature review on the subjects of social capital, urban settlement, and kampung. Through a review of literature, the paper explores whether or not the spatial aspects of social capital of settlement available. The social capitals applied in many fields are economic, sociology, health, psychology, political science, and architecture. Due to many meanings of social capital in various fields, the important element of social capital is about social interaction among people to achieve their goals together. Kampung as urban settlement of Indonesia has unique characteristic of community due to their social living. Their relationship among them is very close. The social capital of urban settlement is shown in social interaction and social network of the resident at their daily lives. The communication is active, expressed in interaction related to gender and age structure. The social capital was developed from the trust and understanding in their relationship. The social capital of kampung helps them to live better.
Abstract: This is a literature review on social capital that hold together the community of settlement where people live in. It will discuss the spatial aspect of architectural behavior to conduct the theory framework. The methods used are qualitative analysis and literature review on the subjects of social capital, urban settlement, and kampung. Through a r...
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Territoriality in the Traditional Context
Fuad Zubaidi,
Happy Ratna Santosa,
Muhammad Faqih
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
89-95
Received:
6 May 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: This research is a literature study which discusses the concept of territoriality space theory. The observation focus in the context of traditional settlement, which emphasize on the social and cultural aspect that related to the social system and physical culture in traditional settlement context. The aim of this study to seek and uncover gap knowledge of space territoriality concept or theory that has been widely studied and researched, whether it has been done in more depth in behavioral and cultural aspects of society? Is the context of the traditional settlement has been studied in more depth and comprehensively?.Traditional settlements as the physical environment or setting is unique, and the distinctiveness have not been studied and examined in more depth. Territoriality is the relationship between space with humans, the study approach with a focus on cultural norms, and different societies will generate a form and a different concept of space. Finally, the results based on literature review shows that the concept or theory of territoriality in the traditional settlements context in more depth and comprehensively in the aspects of culture and behavior has not been done. Therefore, a specify and comprehension study of territoriality space on the traditional settlement need to be done, in order to find out an adequate formula related to territoriality space on the traditional settlement.
Abstract: This research is a literature study which discusses the concept of territoriality space theory. The observation focus in the context of traditional settlement, which emphasize on the social and cultural aspect that related to the social system and physical culture in traditional settlement context. The aim of this study to seek and uncover gap know...
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The Consequences of Neglect in Children: Neurocognitive Comparisons Among Conduct Disordered and Non-Conduct Disordered Youth Residing in Foster-Care with That of Children from Intact Families
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
96-105
Received:
27 May 2013
Published:
30 June 2013
Abstract: Children (n = 85) between the ages of 6 and 16 were administered two tests of source monitoring proficiency, one an external source test and the second an internal source test. In addition, the children were assessed using the Children's Category Test (CCT), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The primary interest was to compare the source monitoring and cognitive processes of children in foster care with a diagnosed conduct disorder and children in foster care without a psychiatric diagnosis. In addition, a group consisting of children living with their parents was included for comparative purposes. For the primary analyses, the dependent variables consisted of raw ISM and ESM scores, full-scale IQ, measures of working memory and processing speed, and the total and perseverative error measures of the WCST. First, because age differences were expected, a MANOVA was used with the age of the subject grouped into three categories of 6 to 8-, 9 to 12-, and 13 to 16-year olds. Following the verification of age differences on the dependent measures, a MANCOVA was used to examine the influence of abuse/neglect by comparing individuals in foster care, with and without a psychiatric diagnosis. Therefore, the study comprised three groups: (1) a group of children living at home with the parents and serving as a comparison group, (2) a control group consisting of children living in foster care but with no psychiatric diagnosis, and (3) a group of children living in foster care with a diagnosed conduct disorder. Age, as a continuous variable, served as the covariate. ISM scores revealed that both of the control groups differed from the foster care / conduct disorder group, with scores in the foster care control group comparable to that of the intact family comparison group. The intact family comparison group had significantly higher FS-IQ scores than either foster care group. In addition, FS-IQ scores in the foster care control group were intermediate between that of the intact family comparison and conduct disorder groups. Children in the intact family comparison group made significantly fewer total errors and perseverative errors than either foster care group. However, the number of perseverative errors for the two foster care groups was comparable.
Abstract: Children (n = 85) between the ages of 6 and 16 were administered two tests of source monitoring proficiency, one an external source test and the second an internal source test. In addition, the children were assessed using the Children's Category Test (CCT), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III), and the Wisconsin Ca...
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Logic, Psyche and Biology
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
106-111
Received:
14 May 2013
Published:
30 June 2013
Abstract: This article presents a logical analysis of how mentally rooted psychological diseases are constructed and what occurs mentally when a psychological change takes place as a result of treatment. Logical analysis is an approach that can be used to develop a scientific understanding of mentally rooted problems. The experience of mental distress seems to be a result of access to potentially separable and observable mental elements that involve emotions. Mental changes that occur as a result of treatment may be considered to be the result of changes in the accessibility of these mental elements. The mapping of these mental elements, as well as access to and the changing of these mental elements, can be facilitated through treatment. Empirical findings combined with logical analysis make it possible to develop scientific knowledge regarding how mentally experience psychological pain and mental disorders are constructed. This knowledge also makes it possible to develop a scientific and predictable approach to treating mentally rooted disorders and to develop mental states of well-being and skillfulness. The findings of the thesis may therefore be of interest in therapy, education, sports psychology, and performance-focused courses, among other disciplines.
Abstract: This article presents a logical analysis of how mentally rooted psychological diseases are constructed and what occurs mentally when a psychological change takes place as a result of treatment. Logical analysis is an approach that can be used to develop a scientific understanding of mentally rooted problems. The experience of mental distress seems ...
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A Comparison of the Loneliness Levels of Turkish University Students in Terms of Internet Use
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
112-116
Received:
23 May 2013
Published:
30 June 2013
Abstract: The objective of this research was to compare the loneliness levels of Turkish university students in terms of Internet use. This was a descriptive and comparative study involving a total of 525 students in Izmir, 258 female and 267 male, who participated voluntarily. The instruments were the personal information form and the UCLA loneliness scale, and a t-test was use to compare the data. The results revealed that loneliness points were significantly higher for students who preferred the Internet rather than being with friends (t519 = 6. 013, p = .001 and those who preferred social chats online rather than their actual friends (t519= 5. 666, p = .001). The loneliness level was higher for those who cannot postpone their Internet use (t520 = 1.704, p = .089) and those who could not give up Internet use (t521 = .126, p = .900); however, a significant relationship was not found. This study reiterates the importance of Internet use or online computer hours for students, and the importance of media literacy training. To cope with loneliness, students need to bond with their peers, establish more fulfilling relationships, and develop their social skills. Schools on should place importance social skills training, effective communication skills, and art and cultural activities. It is essential to have some strategies to prevent Internet addiction.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to compare the loneliness levels of Turkish university students in terms of Internet use. This was a descriptive and comparative study involving a total of 525 students in Izmir, 258 female and 267 male, who participated voluntarily. The instruments were the personal information form and the UCLA loneliness scale,...
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Meeting High Standards: The Effect of Perfectionism on Task Performance, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy in College Students
Brandy M. Chufar,
Terry F. Pettijohn II
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
117-123
Received:
18 June 2013
Published:
10 July 2013
Abstract: Perfectionism is currently believed to be a multidimensional construct. This study focused on the perspective that perfectionism has both positive and negative qualities. Specifically, this study predicted that adaptive perfectionists would perform better on a task and have higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy than maladaptive perfectionists. Maladaptive perfectionists, in general, have been found to have lower performance, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Sixty-five university students completed two trials on the O’Conner Tweezer Dexterity Test and completed questionnaires about perfectionism, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. As predicted, the adaptive perfectionists showed the greatest performance increases on the task as well as reporting higher self-esteem and self-efficacy than the other perfectionist styles. This study supports the perspective that perfectionism can be positive and negative.
Abstract: Perfectionism is currently believed to be a multidimensional construct. This study focused on the perspective that perfectionism has both positive and negative qualities. Specifically, this study predicted that adaptive perfectionists would perform better on a task and have higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy than maladaptive perfectioni...
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Relationships between Self-Esteem and Marital Satisfaction among Women
Zahra Yadalijamaloye,
Elham Naseri,
Mojgan Shoshtari,
Mohamad Khaledian,
Razeye Ahrami
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
124-129
Received:
15 June 2013
Published:
20 July 2013
Abstract: This study explores relationships between self-esteem and marital satisfaction among women in Najafabad and Fuladshahr in Iran. The case study was 757 women (381 respondents in Najafabad and 376 in Fuladshahr) who were married for at least 3 years. Findings show that there is a significant relation between age of women, marriage duration and marital satisfaction. Also generally the rate of marital satisfaction was higher between Fuladshahr women. Marital satisfaction was found to be positively correlated with self-esteem in both cities, so that higher self-esteem was associated with greater satisfaction. Another finding was that level of marital satisfaction; number of children and duration of the marriage were negatively correlated for women. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that factors including: number of children, marriage duration, the number of children and self-esteem could predict 19.5 % (R2=19.5) of dependant variable variations in Najafabad and age of woman, marriage duration, the number of children and self-esteem could explain 0.28 % (R2=0.28) of the marital satisfaction among women in Fuladshahr.
Abstract: This study explores relationships between self-esteem and marital satisfaction among women in Najafabad and Fuladshahr in Iran. The case study was 757 women (381 respondents in Najafabad and 376 in Fuladshahr) who were married for at least 3 years. Findings show that there is a significant relation between age of women, marriage duration and marita...
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Identifying types of Mental Health Problems and Aggression among Security Guards: Are they Totally Safe
Affizal Ahmad,
Nurul Hazrina Mazlan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
130-137
Received:
14 June 2013
Published:
20 July 2013
Abstract: Security guards give service within several ranges of tasks. In the line of duty in various work settings, guards may be expected to maintain order and to detain criminal violators while appointed to a single property or placed on patrol for various sites or territories. Concisely, a security guard may encounter a variety of situations, locations, and behaviours. With such a heavy responsibility and important duties, it is very important to make sure that the security guards are mentally and behaviourally healthy and safe. Concerning these issues, this study aimed to identify types of mental health problem and aggression among security guards. In addition, association between mental health problems and aggression, and difference between male and female security guards in terms of mental health problems were examined. Self-report surveys were conducted among 300 security guards in data collection. The findings identified four subtypes of mental health problems: substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and depression, experienced by the security guards. The security guards were also reported to be performing physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. Male and female security guards showed significant difference in occurrence of mental health problems. The association between the mental health problems and aggression were also found mostly significant. Concisely, prevalence of mental health problems and aggressive behaviours was identified among security guards. These findings suggest that people who work as security guards in the presence of mental health problems are not totally safe. The findings recommend a serious need for mental health problems assessment among security guards during the enrolment or whilst performing daily duties in order to ensure healthy and safe employer and the public as whole and safe workplace environment. The findings of this study are crucial for public awareness.
Abstract: Security guards give service within several ranges of tasks. In the line of duty in various work settings, guards may be expected to maintain order and to detain criminal violators while appointed to a single property or placed on patrol for various sites or territories. Concisely, a security guard may encounter a variety of situations, locations, ...
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Child Marriages in Uganda after Enacting the Death Penalty for Defilement
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2013
Pages:
138-147
Received:
26 June 2013
Published:
30 July 2013
Abstract: In 1990 at the climax of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in Uganda, the government repealed sections of the law in order to protect population from infection of HIV/AIDS especially the children. This paper is thus based on the 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census which was conducted 12 years after the enactment of the law. The results showed that 4.5 percent of children in Uganda were in child marriages with girls being affected more than boys. Child marriages were found across all socio-economic and cultural class within Uganda. Many children in child marriages dropped out of school, lived in child headed households, lived in poor households especially those in urban areas, with Muslims, orphans, Northern and Eastern Region having higher proportion than other categories of children. This study shows the need to educate the public on the existence of the law so that children are protected from becoming wives and husbands.
Abstract: In 1990 at the climax of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in Uganda, the government repealed sections of the law in order to protect population from infection of HIV/AIDS especially the children. This paper is thus based on the 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census which was conducted 12 years after the enactment of the law. The results showed that 4....
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