Psychopathological Symptoms and Predictors among Inmates
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2013
Pages:
169-180
Received:
14 August 2013
Published:
10 September 2013
Abstract: The study was meant to examine the prevalence of psychopathological symptoms among inmates, which in line, to suggest systems to accentuate psychosocial rehabilitation program in correction centers. The total number of participants was 420 (i.e., 384 males and 36 females). Multi-stage probability sampling (i.e., stratified, systematic and simple random) sampling techniques were employed, and for the data analysis t-test and logistic regression were applied. It was found that 48% (CI95 = -0.08, 0.05) of inmates have been experiencing psychopathological symptoms, but not significantly different at =0.05, p = 0.65.Furthermor, a set of predictors reliably distinguished between inmates with and without psychopathological symptoms (χ2 = 145.913, p = 0.000 with df = 5). Except gender and age, other variables predicted psychopathological symptom. From the educational status, illiterate (OR = 1.849, CI95 = 1.266, 2.699), Grade 1-6 (OR = 2.044, CI95 = 1.416, 2.951), and Grade 11-12 (OR = 0.442, CI95 = 0.297, 0.658). Also, almost all crime types predicted psychopathological symptoms. That means, killing (OR = 0.280, CI95 = 0.211, 0.371), theft and robbery (OR = 0.634, CI95 = 0.501, 0.801), physical attack (OR = 0.367, CI95 = 0.278, 0.484) and emotional attack (OR = 0.737, CI95 = 0.547, 0.994).From term of sentence, being sentenced for more than 10 years predicted highly (OR = 9.261, CI95 = 3.031, 28,300). From district, Sidama (OR=2.416, CI95 = 1.177, 4.960, and Segen district (OR = 2.115, CI95 = 1.072, 4.175). Thus, the number of inmates who grieves from mental and behavioral aches remains not nominal. Rehabilitation requires availability, accessibility and integration of professionals (i.e., psychologists, social workers and psychiatrists). Besides, prison tradition essentially duty-bound beyond mundane provisions comparable to shelter, food and medical treatment.
Abstract: The study was meant to examine the prevalence of psychopathological symptoms among inmates, which in line, to suggest systems to accentuate psychosocial rehabilitation program in correction centers. The total number of participants was 420 (i.e., 384 males and 36 females). Multi-stage probability sampling (i.e., stratified, systematic and simple ra...
Show More
“Smoking Kills” vs. “Smoking Makes Restless”: Effectiveness of Different Warning Labels on Smoking Behavior
Sabine Glock,
Simone Maria Ritter,
Rutger Engels,
Ap Dijksterhuis,
Rick Bart van Baaren,
Barbara Caterina Nadine Müller
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2013
Pages:
181-187
Received:
12 September 2013
Published:
20 October 2013
Abstract: Warning labels on cigarette packages rely on the negative health aspects of smoking. For smokers, however, smoking is related to positive as well as to negative outcomes. Positive smoking outcomes are shown to be crucial in activating smoking behaviour. Thus, this study compared current health warnings with warning labels contradicting positive outcomes. In a field study, 39 adult smokers were followed over a 5-day period to investigate the effect of the different types of warning labels on actual smoking behaviour. Our results provide evidence that smokers, who received warning labels contradicting positive outcome expectancies, smoked less than smokers, who received current health warnings. Thus, contradicting positive smoking outcomes on cigarette warning labels may be an effective tool in smoking prevention and intervention.
Abstract: Warning labels on cigarette packages rely on the negative health aspects of smoking. For smokers, however, smoking is related to positive as well as to negative outcomes. Positive smoking outcomes are shown to be crucial in activating smoking behaviour. Thus, this study compared current health warnings with warning labels contradicting positive out...
Show More
Use of Mobile Phone Text Message and Personality among Japanese University Students
Xi Lu,
Zi Chen,
Masayo Uji,
Toshiaki Nagata,
Takahiko Katoh,
Toshinori Kitamura
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2013
Pages:
192-195
Received:
31 August 2013
Published:
20 November 2013
Abstract: To evaluate the personality correlates of mobile phone text message use in Japanese youth, university students (N = 232) were distributed a set questionnaires containing the Temperament and Character Inventory and items enquiring their text message use. Greater text messaging was associated with high Novelty Seeking (NS). The results of this study suggest that text message was based on NS.
Abstract: To evaluate the personality correlates of mobile phone text message use in Japanese youth, university students (N = 232) were distributed a set questionnaires containing the Temperament and Character Inventory and items enquiring their text message use. Greater text messaging was associated with high Novelty Seeking (NS). The results of this study ...
Show More
The Shallow Processing of Logical Negation
Guillermo Macbeth,
Eugenia Razumiejczyk,
Maria del Carmen Crivello,
Mauro Fioramonti,
Carolina I. Pereyra Girardi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2013
Pages:
196-201
Received:
29 October 2013
Published:
20 November 2013
Abstract: The aim of this study is to introduce a novel reasoning phenomenon concerned with the shallow processing of negation in the context of sentential reasoning. By analogy to other psychological explanations that account for superficial responses with conditionals, this study proposes an account for biconditionals derived from a recent theory of negation. This theory predicts that the psychological use of negation returns small scope products. This would happen because the human mind tends to avoid the working memory overload by simplifying its reasoning processes. A within-subjects experimental design was applied to test this conjecture. Results were consistent with such small scope negation prediction. The obtained evidence extends the observation of shallow reasoning processes to the negation of conjunctions and disjunctions that take the form of biconditionals. The results of this study support a mental models approach to account for the psychology of logical negation.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to introduce a novel reasoning phenomenon concerned with the shallow processing of negation in the context of sentential reasoning. By analogy to other psychological explanations that account for superficial responses with conditionals, this study proposes an account for biconditionals derived from a recent theory of negati...
Show More
