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Body Integrity Identity Disorder – a Systematic Record of the Strategies to Reduce the Strain
Jelena Helmer,
Erich Kasten
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
139-146
Received:
12 May 2015
Accepted:
26 May 2015
Published:
13 June 2015
Abstract: People with Body Integrity Identity Disorder feel a discrepancy between their outward appearance and their sensed inner body image. To help these persons it is of major importance to find out how they deal with their disease in every day’s life. What leads to a reduction of the wish for an amputation, paralysis or any other kind of disability? What strengthens the desire? Therefore this study deals with a systematic record of strategies and methods used by BIID affected persons for handling with their disease. Method: Hypotheses were formulated which concern the experience of different strategies, activities or situations with regard to the individual wish manifestation. For the investigation of the hypotheses as well as the record of the socio-demographic data a questionnaire with 42 items was created at an online platform specifically designed for scientific studies. Sample: 34 evaluable data sets could be collected. 24 persons (70.6 %) were male and 10 persons (29.4%) were female. The average age amounted 40.26 years. 15 participants indicated to wish an amputation, eleven persons yearned for paraplegia, two concerned people indicated the wish to be bladder incontinent, one person yearned for blindness and one more indicated just the wish to sit in a wheelchair. Four participants did not make a statement to their individual wish manifestation. Results: Except the pretending-behavior, which is used by 47.1% of the participants to handle with the disease, could not be found a strategy, activity or situation which is sensed as wish reducing without exception by all participants. Summing up the collected results, they show a high individuality regarding the experience of wish reducing and wish increasing factors. On the other hand the results show that the perception of disabled people and any activity with BIID leads to a strengthening of the desire. Conclusion: Almost half of the participants are using the pretending-behavior by handling BIID. Pretending leads to a short-term reduction of the wish for amputation reasoned by appeared positive emotions. Long-termly this behavior though seems as an intensifier and holds up the disease and therefore the desire for amputation. Persons affected by BIID should try to extinguish personally experienced wish-increasing factors as well as to integrate wish-reducing strategies in many areas of their life as possible. Disease providing methods need to be identified and substituted with other techniques.
Abstract: People with Body Integrity Identity Disorder feel a discrepancy between their outward appearance and their sensed inner body image. To help these persons it is of major importance to find out how they deal with their disease in every day’s life. What leads to a reduction of the wish for an amputation, paralysis or any other kind of disability? What...
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The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on the Academic Performance of Undergraduate Students
Idoko Joseph Onyebuchukwu,
Muyiwa Adeniyi Sholarin,
Agoha Benedict Chico Emerenwa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
147-153
Received:
4 March 2015
Accepted:
19 March 2015
Published:
23 June 2015
Abstract: Most people know that academic performance generally refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks and studies, but there are numbers of factors that determine the level and quality of students’ academic performance. This study investigated the effect of alcohol consumption on the academic performance of undergraduate students. A survey research design was used. A pilot study was carried out with 30 students to validate and determine the psychometric properties of the questionnaires used in this study. Total of 200 respondents, 114 male and 86 females with ages ranging between 13 and 25 years participated in this study. Three hypotheses were tested using Pearson r, T-test, Anova, and simple regression analysis. The result revealed that there is a significant relationship between alcohol consumption and academic performance (R2=0.74,P<.O5), there is a significant difference in academic performance of students that drink alcohol and those that do not (R2=12.22,P<.05), there is a significant effect of alcohol consumption on academic performance(R2=4.474,P<.05). The study has recommendations.
Abstract: Most people know that academic performance generally refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks and studies, but there are numbers of factors that determine the level and quality of students’ academic performance. This study investigated the effect of alcohol consumption on the academic performance of undergraduate students. A s...
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On Arabic Abstract and Concrete Words Recall Using Free Recall Paradigms: Is It Abstractness, Concreteness, or Zero Effect
Nasser Saleh Al-Mansour,
Yasir Saad Almukhaizeem,
Ahmed Mohammed Alduais
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
154-164
Received:
19 May 2015
Accepted:
3 June 2015
Published:
25 June 2015
Abstract: Purpose: To see whether abstract or concrete words are better recalled in free recall type and to measure primacy and recency displayed effects in free recall paradigms. Method: 9 undergraduates in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, participated in this study where they were trained to differentiate between abstract and concrete words. Then, a list of 20 Arabic abstract and concrete words was given to them to be classified into abstract and concrete words based on four factors: concreteness, imageability, meaningfulness, and age of acquisition. An observation sheet was provided to the experiment administrator to document observed recall effects and recalled words. Three methods were used to facilitate this experiment: auditory, visual, and hand-writing. Five of the participants were asked to recall freely only 5 Arabic abstract words and 5 concrete words. On the hand, 4 were asked to to recall freely the 10 Arabic abstract words and 10 Arabic concrete words. Results: Descriptive and referential statistics tools were run to analyse the collected date. The computed referential statistics tools indicated generally acceptable values and positive usability of the administered measures in this study. Descriptive statistics results indicated a (100) score for the frequency of zero effect over both abstractness and concreteness effects. Results also indicated a negative effect of list length of Arabic abstract and concrete words where the total number of words was recalled completely in both short and long lists of words. Finally, recency effect approved an advantage over primacy effect with (65%) for the former and only (35%) for the latter. Conclusions: There was neither an advantage for abstract words over concrete ones nor an advantage for concrete words over the abstract ones, it was a rather a zero effect. List length effect didn’t affect memory recall during free recall paradigms. Last but not the least, recency effect is more frequent than primacy effect in free recall paradigms.
Abstract: Purpose: To see whether abstract or concrete words are better recalled in free recall type and to measure primacy and recency displayed effects in free recall paradigms. Method: 9 undergraduates in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, participated in this study where they were trained to differentiate between abstract and concrete words. Then, a lis...
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Differences in Intelligence and Creativity between Tattooed and Non-Tattooed Students
Anette Sandra Cebula,
Erich Kasten
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
165-169
Received:
31 May 2015
Accepted:
10 June 2015
Published:
30 June 2015
Abstract: Background: In everyday life stereotypes, i.e. simplified imaginations about others are often built. One of innumerable stereotypes is that tattooed people drink too much alcohol, take always drugs, don’t avoid risks and, maybe, they are even more stupid than the rest of humanity. On the other hand tattoos can be very artful. Therefore it is conceivable that tattooed people are more creative than others. Objective: This work is focusing on the question if there is a difference (a) in creativity and (b) in the crystallized intelligence between tattooed and non-tattooed persons. Methodology: To capture these characteristics an intelligence questionnaire (MWT-A) and five of eleven sub-tests of a creativity questionnaire (TDK) were used. To achieve a sufficient homogeneity between the samples, the survey was conducted only among students. A total of 104 persons were interviewed of which 50 people were tattooed and 54 non-tattooed, aged between 20 and 54 years. The survey took place at several universities and colleges in Hamburg and took about ten minutes per person. Results: There were no significant group differences regarding crystallized intelligence; moreover there was no correlation between having tattoos and creativity. Conclusion: Tattooed students seem to be neither less intelligent nor more creative than other students.
Abstract: Background: In everyday life stereotypes, i.e. simplified imaginations about others are often built. One of innumerable stereotypes is that tattooed people drink too much alcohol, take always drugs, don’t avoid risks and, maybe, they are even more stupid than the rest of humanity. On the other hand tattoos can be very artful. Therefore it is concei...
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Self Efficacy and Work Performance: A Theoretical Framework of Albert Bandura's Model, Review of Findings, Implications and Directions for Future Research
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
170-173
Received:
4 June 2015
Accepted:
12 June 2015
Published:
14 July 2015
Abstract: The article examined the relationship between Self Efficacy and Work Performance using Albert Bandura's Social Cognition Theory as a theoretical framework. Bandura's main proposition was that individuals with high self efficacy believe in themselves and go on to exhibit high performance while individuals with low self efficacy do not have confidence in themselves and end up with low performance. The review of Iiterature revealed that findings have been varried with some studies having a positive relationship between self effficacy and work performance, some a negative relationship and some no relationship between the variables. However it was discovered from the studies that several interveining variables such as nature of the task, inteligence, personality, skill level, motivation, supervision, training, level of the worker, education, etc mediated the relationship between self efficacy and work performance. Thus, Bandura's Social Cognition theory has great implications for the world of work and performance in organisations, but may not necessarily act in isolation, but in conjunction with other organisational variables to foster optimum job performance.
Abstract: The article examined the relationship between Self Efficacy and Work Performance using Albert Bandura's Social Cognition Theory as a theoretical framework. Bandura's main proposition was that individuals with high self efficacy believe in themselves and go on to exhibit high performance while individuals with low self efficacy do not have confidenc...
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