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Study on Effectiveness of Yoga Training on Sustain Attention in Sub-groups of ADD, HD and ADHD Children
Zeynab Khanjani,
Mohammad Ali Nazari,
Ashraf Karami
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
77-82
Received:
26 May 2016
Accepted:
3 June 2016
Published:
20 June 2016
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Yoga on sustain attention in three groups of children with syndrome Attention - Deficit/ hyperactivity (ADHD), ADHD predominantly inattentive and ADHD predominantly hyperactivity. The number of 120 students (7-13 years old) with symptoms of ADHD were selected by Conner's teacher rating scale (CTRS), and parent rating- children symptom inventory (CSI-4), in common both forms, and were organized in two groups of Yoga and control. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was done to evaluate sustain attention. Yoga group was given a 30-session course on Yoga training and control group, not. Then the same test was executed again on both groups as post-tests. The result was analyzed by multivariable covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The results of this study indicate the efficiency of Yoga on increasing sustain attention in all sub-groups of children with symptoms of ADHD. Based on these findings, we concluded that Yoga can effect and help in attention improvement. Verification of such effects can be used to design effective non-drug therapies, such as effect of Yoga therapy on symptoms of ADHD.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Yoga on sustain attention in three groups of children with syndrome Attention - Deficit/ hyperactivity (ADHD), ADHD predominantly inattentive and ADHD predominantly hyperactivity. The number of 120 students (7-13 years old) with symptoms of ADHD were selected by Conner's teacher rating scale (...
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Disintegration of the Self-Structure Caused by Severe Trauma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
83-92
Received:
20 June 2016
Published:
21 June 2016
Abstract: Severe trauma affects all structures of the self – one's image of the body; the internalized images of the others; and one's values and ideals – and leads to a sense that the self-coherence and self-continuity are invaded, assaulted, and systematically broken down. The traumatic events overwhelm the ordinary human adaptations to life and generally involve threats to life or bodily integrity, confront human beings with the extremities of helplessness and terror, and evoke the response of catastrophe. The vulnerable self-structure of traumatized individuals is evident in the following ways: (a) difficulties in self-regulation (self-esteem maintenance, lower tolerance levels, and the sense of self-discontinuity and personal agency), (b) appearance of the clinical symptomatology (frequent upsurges of anxiety/fear, depression, and specific fears or phobias regarding the external world or one's own bodily integrity), and (c) reliance on primitive or less-developed forms of the self-object relatedness. Severe trauma may lead to de-centering of the self (self-at-worst), loss of groundlessness and a sense of sameness, self-discontinuity and ego-fragility, leaving scars on the one's 'inner agency' of the psyche, fragmentation of the ego-identity resulting in proneness to dissociation.
Abstract: Severe trauma affects all structures of the self – one's image of the body; the internalized images of the others; and one's values and ideals – and leads to a sense that the self-coherence and self-continuity are invaded, assaulted, and systematically broken down. The traumatic events overwhelm the ordinary human adaptations to life and generally ...
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Gender Coping Mechanism: A Study in Penang, West Malaysia
Atikah-Hussin,
Azlinda Azman
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
93-97
Received:
28 March 2016
Accepted:
20 April 2016
Published:
4 July 2016
Abstract: The death of the loved ones is one of the most stressful events which can happen to a person's life. Previous literature had identified gender differences as one of the factors that influenced humans' coping mechanism post-loss. However, there is limited knowledge in gender differences post-loss in Asia especially. This paper is aimed to understand the gender differences in coping mechanisms after the death of their loved ones among Malaysians. A convenience sample (N = 90: n Males = 45; n Female = 45) of visitors at one of the Northern region hospital in Malaysia were surveyed. The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOC) was administered. The statistical program, SPSS (Statistical Programme for the Social Sciences) Student Version 17.0, was used to process the data collected from the participants. Using Mann-Whitney test and T-Independent test, it was found there is no significant difference between genders in choosing most of the coping mechanisms after the loss of their loved ones except for self-controlling coping mechanism. Findings from this study were contradicted to literature that found gender differences in coping mechanism after the death of loved ones. Hence, this study suggests that gender is not the main factor in determining how people cope with their losses. However, more studies in this area are vital to gain more understanding in gender-related coping mechanisms.
Abstract: The death of the loved ones is one of the most stressful events which can happen to a person's life. Previous literature had identified gender differences as one of the factors that influenced humans' coping mechanism post-loss. However, there is limited knowledge in gender differences post-loss in Asia especially. This paper is aimed to understand...
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The Effects of Bitter Placebos on Cognitive Tests
Scott L. Kemsley,
Chi Man Leung,
Suet Mui Ma,
Samantha C. Lam,
Boyd H. Timothy,
Ronald M. Miller
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
98-103
Received:
6 July 2016
Published:
7 July 2016
Abstract: Placebo effect has been applied in multiple aspects and the different components of placebo effect have already been studied in many different researches. Taste, which is one of the physiological effects, is a vital component of the placebo effect, and according to a Chinese idiom, “bitter taste medicines are more effective”, bitter tastes comes into play. However, bitter placebo does not work for everyone because of cultural difference and taste preferences. Results from factorial ANOVA showed there was a significant interaction effect of the taste of the drink and the type of personality on cognitive test performance when it came to speakers of different languages: native English and non-native English speaking participants. Also, bitter placebo only works for supertasters who have experience of the aversion of bitterness and agree that bitter drinks can keep themselves healthy. Hence, supertaster participants who feel gross after tasting the bitter drink will persuade themselves the benefit of the placebo. For future studies, it should modify the methods with a self-rated scale of the placebo taste and a different placebo substance with a universal flavor for improvement.
Abstract: Placebo effect has been applied in multiple aspects and the different components of placebo effect have already been studied in many different researches. Taste, which is one of the physiological effects, is a vital component of the placebo effect, and according to a Chinese idiom, “bitter taste medicines are more effective”, bitter tastes comes in...
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Working Memory in Spanish–English and Chinese–English Bilinguals
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
104-112
Received:
1 July 2016
Published:
7 July 2016
Abstract: Many researchers demonstrated the causal effect of bilingualism for working memory ability; bilinguals have higher executive functions in maintaining higher working memory ability. The present research examined the effect of different language types college bilinguals—Chinese–English (two dispersed languages) and Spanish–English (two similar languages) bilinguals for their working memory abilities. Chinese–English and Spanish–English bilinguals have been compared in many studies. Spanish–English bilinguals are superior learning English with similar consonant, vowel, alphabetic orthographic system and phonetic structure. Therefore, they are outperformed in many language-related tasks because they use less switching and transferring cost in both languages. On the other hand, learning English for Chinese-English bilinguals is much challenging because of the greater language structure differences. They need to visually practice in Chinese logograph and English alphabetic orthographic system to achieve high levels of competencies in both languages. Hence, it implies Chinese–English bilinguals acquire a higher working memory ability to deal with languages and daily tasks than those Spanish–English bilinguals who exercise working memory less in languages. To evaluate how language can shape on human’s working memory ability without language proficiency issue, a visual working memory (Paper Folding Test) was presented. By comparing the visual working memory test scores, Chinese–English bilinguals scored statistically higher than Spanish–English bilinguals, while controlling for gender and self-reported English level. Further research should investigate the relationship between bilingualism and working memory, and continuously assess the definitions on very shared languages and very dispersed languages.
Abstract: Many researchers demonstrated the causal effect of bilingualism for working memory ability; bilinguals have higher executive functions in maintaining higher working memory ability. The present research examined the effect of different language types college bilinguals—Chinese–English (two dispersed languages) and Spanish–English (two similar langua...
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Research on Dimensions of Risk Perception of Genetically Modified Food by Consumers
Zeng Zhi,
Xiang Gaoyue,
Zheng Shichen,
Shen Yongjian
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
113-116
Received:
10 July 2016
Published:
11 July 2016
Abstract: Currently, the researches and development about transgenosis are witnessing a strong momentum across the world, and its industrialization enjoys rapid development as well. Moreover, in China, developing transgenosis also serves as a crucial strategic decision for the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and State Council. Sufficient evidences have shown that genetically modified food (GMF) is safe, but risk perception of GMF by consumers turns out an important factor that influences its commercialization. Adopting the method of questionnaire survey and taking GMF as research object, this paper discusses the dimensions of consumer risk perception, including health risk, function risk, socio-psychological risk, economic risk and time risk, and finds out that consumers pay more attention to the health risk and economic risk of GMF.
Abstract: Currently, the researches and development about transgenosis are witnessing a strong momentum across the world, and its industrialization enjoys rapid development as well. Moreover, in China, developing transgenosis also serves as a crucial strategic decision for the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and State Council. Sufficient evi...
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